Masciantonio Case Note and Critique Essay - 1105 Words

Case Note amp; CritiqueMasciantonio v The Queen (1995) 183 CLR 58 Case Note Appellant: Mr. Giovanni MasciantonioRespondent: The Queen Court amp; Year: High Court of Australia 1994 - 1995 Relevant Facts: Appeal from the Supreme Court of Victoria. 19 June 1991 Giovanni Masciantonio had a heated altercation with his son-in-law Maurizio Femia. Altercation resulted in Mr. Femia’s life. Fatal wound being a severed aorta (known as wound 5). Giovanni Masciantonio was convicted of murder in the Supreme Court of Victoria. O’Bryan J trial judge. The defence argued provocation. An appeal was put before the Court of Criminal Appeal Victoria. Reason for the appeal was that the judge had failed to mention provocation to the jury†¦show more content†¦Brennan, Deane, Dawson and Gaudron JJ concluded that the appeal should be allowed and a retrial ordered. Issues: Whether an ordinary person could have regained the self-control in the time between the first and second stage events? Why did the trial judge not direct the jury to the option of provocation as a defence from the jury’s consideration during the second stage of the event? Was there a miscarriage of justice? Decision: Appeal Allowed Retrial Ordered. Ratio: The trial judge inadvertently or not, effectively withdrew from the jury’s consideration the issue of provocation at the second stage of events and since the appellant’s loss of self-control may have continued to that stage, there cannot be said to be no miscarriage of justice. Obiter: That a reasonable jury could conclude the appellant was acting under provocation. Upon the evidence it was open to a jury, properly directed as to the law, to reach that conclusion. Majority Judgments Brennan J Deane J Dawson J Gaudron J Minority Judgments McHugh J Critique The case of Masciantonio v The Queen (1995) 183 CLR 58 (‘Masciantonio’) is a High Court of Australia decision from 1995 that deals with jury direction and provocation and whether the original trial judge caused a miscarriage of justice when he ‘inadvertently or not, effectively withdrew from the jury’s consideration the issue of provocation’ or whether ‘provocation ought not to have been left to the jury at all.’ Another issue

Biological, Sociological And Developmental Effects On A Child

Over the past decade, play has been the focus of many researches due to its biological, sociological and developmental effects on a child. Play is understood as a basic human motivation and a phase for individual development and of cultural assimilation and construction which leads to a specific view on childhood. Play is sometimes opposed with serious work and learning activities which is not true because play is an important arena in a child’s life. Play is significant for a child’s growth, improvement of the child’s welfare and play is also the child’s legitimate right. Some people still get confused between the meaning of play and just having fun. Play, in similar words, is the universal language of childhood. It is through play that†¦show more content†¦Play is one of the aspects through which children learn the norms of the society they belong to, its rules and values. Play is considered as a medium of learning in early childhood and many re searches that are conducted to study play are observational researches which observe children within early childhood educational settings and also by interviewing their parents, caregivers or educators. There is an influence of the cultural background and dynamics of the society a child belongs to on the child’s play. Play, is thus, a universal aspect of childhood but it differs from child to child and across time and space. Play, also transcend species, infant or young animals are also indulged in an activity which is similar to child’s play. (Society, n.d.) A number of things are necessary to be present for this universal aspect, play, to occur and be sustained. One of these things is time and space which is frequently associated with poverty and its absence. If the child belongs to a poverty stricken family or area then there are high chances that he is involved in labor, whether inside the house or outside, and the chances of him being involved in any type of play is minimized. Space for play is another issue which has been witnessed due to the growth in cities which led to a diminution in the availability of space, in general and has thus made space an issue too. One issue related to play and its universality that has been brought up in

Is The Merchant of Venice a racist play Essay Example For Students

Is The Merchant of Venice a racist play Essay Throughout the text The Merchant of Venice presents a main them of anti Semitic racism both anti Jewish and anti Christian. The play is set in Venice, an ancient civic republic and not a nation ruled by a king or queen. However it reflects London in the late 1500s. Venice was also a trading centre of great importance. It presents a father daughter relationship where she will not be accepted to love a Christian. This shows strong racism within the community. However racism is ever present in todays society in many forms. The play centres on the two main characters, Antonio an extremely wealthy merchant and shylock a very wealthy Jew. Here there are negative feelings and attitudes between the two characters. This is mainly to do with the different religions. During the late 1500s in Venice racism was a strong and dramatic issue. The Jews were treated as an inferior race. Harsh laws were passed against them. These stopped the Jews from marriage between non-Jews and Jews. Jews were thought to be bad and were sent to special areas called Jewish Ghettos or were humiliated or maltreated in public. The conditions in the Jewish Ghettos were horrific. There was also a Jewish synagogue within the Ghettos. Curfews were placed and a lack of freedom was given. They could only have a few professions. Shylock is a usurer, a person who lends sums of money to others charging vast amounts of interest. However Antonio also lends amounts of money, but minus the interest. This could be one of the main reasons why Shylock hates Antonio with a vengeance as Antonio is supposedly causing Shylocks profits to drop. Shylock also hates Antonio for the difference in their life styles and religions, I hate him for he is a Christian, suggests strong racism. Shylock made it clear that his relationship with Christians was strictly business, I will sell with you, but will not eat with you, drink with you, nor prayer with you. This conveys that Shylock was willing to offer a service to Christians to make his profit but was not prepared to socialise with them. We can depict that Shylock was eager to use and abuse the Christians for their religion, a sign of antipathy. This is unacceptable and gives a strong sense that The Merchant of Venice is a racist play. Throughout the text Bassanio needs 3000 ducats as a suitor to Portia. Antonio his friend cannot lend him this vast amount of money as all his money is tied up in his fleet of sailing ships. Instead he offers himself as a guarantee. Shylock has agreed to give Antonio a sum of money, but did not charge interest he insisted, let the forfeit be nominated for an equal pound of your fair flesh, to be cut off and taken in what part of your body pleaseth me. We could suggest that this could virtually kill Antonio. From this it conveys strong feelings of antagonism and revenge. Also this implies prejudice, as it could be symbolic of the Christians being worthless. We can suggest this because flesh is usually taken from dead animals. This idea can clearly convey that Shylock is trying to imply that Christians are of no value. However Shylock begins to convey how Antonios treatment has turned his life into a misery. He states that he has, hindered me half a million which shows that Shylock has stopped him from making a great profit. I feel that The Merchant of Venice is based on revenge and is reflective on racism. Shylock feels antipathy towards Antonio as he has stopped him from becoming wealthier. Although we also know that the Jews could not be in possession of their own property but could only rent. Also he claims that he has, scorned my nation. This suggests that he has made mockery of the fact that he is a Jew. This shows racism, as Antonio does not appreciate the Jewish culture or traditions. Shylock had made a bond with Antonio, which Antonio could not break. However Shylock conveys, the man is not with standing sufficient. Shylock wanted revenge on Antonio because of the way Antonio had physically and verbally abused Shylock in the past. Shylock says you call me mis believer portrays racial criticism. Antonio feels that anyone who is not a Christian is an inferior race. Antonio sees Shylock as, cut throat dog which is reflective of thieves as he charges too much interest. It can also be regarded as not a human and again criticised about his business. The phrase, you spat upon my Jewish gabardine. This shows definite racial abuse. It clarifies the idea that The Merchant of Venice is a racist play. It is noticeable that Antonio does not deny abusing Shylock, instead Antonio suggests, I am as like to call thee so again, to spet on the too. This depicts that even though Antonio was dependant on the Jew, he still acknowledged the fact of the differences between the two religions. The way Shylock has been treated is unfair and would not be accepted in todays society. We can learn that Shylock had suffered at the hands of Antonio but it did not appear that it was just Shylock suffering, for sufferance is the badge of all our tribe. This shows us that not only is Shylock in distress but also all the other Jews. He conveys that they are used to suffering. It is highly likely they suffered due to the Christians. I think that this causes prejudice against all Christians and gives the reader the impression that Christians in Venice treated all Jews this unfairly. Shylock conveys, If a Jew wrong a Christian, what is his humility? Revenge. If a Christian wrongs a Jew, what should his sufferance be by a Christian example? Why revenge. The villainy you teach me I will execute. This suggests that Shylock felt he had been wronged therefore he thought he was entitled to vengeance. We can understand that Shylock had been waiting for the opportunity of getting on top of Antonio. We can see that Shylock now intended to use the bond as a way of getting revenge on Antonio, I will feed fat the ancient grudge I bear him. This clearly depicts antipathy. It is obvious that the Jews did not like the Christians, due to the different religious beliefs in both religions. The merchant of venice-From what has Portia's father tried to protect her, and how do her suitors arrive at their choices in the casket test? EssayFrom analysing the scene further, we get a clearer understanding of revenge and racism within the play. Shylock says, more than a lodged hate and a certain loathing I bear Antonio. This conveys that Shylocks antipathy towards Antonio is immovable. This also conveys string emotions of revenge as he has suffered many years of humiliation and is in a position to be less than charitable. Although the hatred is deeper as Shylock clearly showed that the money Bassanios turned up with was worthless compared to the bond. This becomes apparent in the line, if every ducat in six thousand ducats were in six parts, and every part a ducat. I would not draw them. I would have my bond! This clearly indicates Shylock only wants the pound of Antonios flesh. Shylock says, the pound of flesh which I demand of him is dearly bought, t is mine and I will have it. Shylock was clearly saying that he owns the pound of flesh and it is his property therefore he shall have it. I feel that this is not racist, as he wants vengeance and it could be seen as a more personal grudge. Although the Dukes behaviour was rather surprising considering the fact that he was supposed to be impartial but he was clearly supporting Antonio, I am sorry for thee, thou art come to answer A stone adversary, an inhuman wretch, uncapable of mercy. The Dukes actions are unfair therefore it was impossible for the Duke to give a fair hearing. However Portia comes in and poses as male, Balthazar a lawyer in disguise to try and save Antonios life. Balthazars opening speech begins with, the quality of mercy is not strained. This conveys that he is trying to explain that mercy cannot be forced, you cant compel someone to show mercy if they are not merciful. This statement is obviously aimed at Shylock as he claims, On what compulsion must I? This suggests the fact that he is going to show no sympathy what so ever. This is an extremely powerful speech and is full of references to Christianity and God, it is an attribute to God himself. Balthazar in effect, personifies mercy as being like the qualities of a king. In the Elizabethan times, it was believed that God chose all kings. I feel that Balthazar is not racist here, as he does not talk bout God to be of a specific religion. He highlights the fact that there is only one God. Although Shylocks response to this is, I stay here on my bond. This conveys strong enthusiasm and confidence I feel that this could be racist as Shylocks eagerness to kill a Christian in cold blood. This becomes apparent in the line, O noble judge. We also find out that Shylock rejects a surgeon to be present, it is nominated in the bond. I feel that this could be seen to be racist as he wants to take the life of this Christian due to the fact that of their religious beliefs and teachings. However on the other hand its due to his personal hatred. Balthazar creates an impression that he is agreeing with Shylock and his merciless bond, you must prepare your bosom for his knife. Shylock becomes ecstatic that Balthazar is on his side. He admires his judgement, O excellent young man. In the bond not one drop of Christian blood may be spilt, shed thou no blood, nor all thou less nor more. Of course this would be an impossible task to perform and it is here that the dramatic turning point of the play occurs. A constant reference to the weight of the flesh provokes images of scales and measuring units, this reflects a theme of justice and how it is unfairly balanced between the two religions. Balthazar not only frees Antonio at this point but also convicts Shylock of attempted murder. We know that the Duke shows racism at this point as he conveys, it is enacted in the laws of Venice if it be proved against an alien shall seize one half his goals. We can suggest that the language used, alien depicts a strong sense of racism as it conveys an idea that Shylocks religion and beliefs are an outcast! Also the Duke mention of the, laws in Venice, suggest that even the law could be seen to be racist for the use of the word, alien. Shylock cannot go through with the bond and is forced to give up his fortune and to convert from Jewry to Christianity. This is evident in the line, he presently become a Christian. I feel that this could be racist as Antonio may feel that the Jewish culture should be exterminated, although it gives a strong sense that its mostly to do with revenge. For Shylock this is the worst possible thing he could be made to do, as he is proud to be a Jew. However we notice that earlier on in the court scene, Shylock exposed the hypocrisy of the Christian religion by questioning the business of Christians having slaves. Now we see that this has reappeared in the fact that the Duke and Antonio are forcing Shylock to become a Christian. Towards the end we are clearly told that Portia and Bassanio accept Jessica and Lorenzo. This conveys the fact that Jews and Christians are able to communicate but also get married. In conclusion I have enjoyed reading and analysing The Merchant of Venice. I feel that the text shows many elements of anti-Semitism, which has led me to think that overall The Merchant of Venice is a racist play in many forms, from weighing up all the different evidence. It has led me to think more deeply about how the changes in modern society have affected our belief in God and the ways in which we discriminate against those who are different to us. The play shows discrimination of the Jews with Shylock the social outcast who is driven out of society. We can convey that racism is still place in todays society. I feel that there is more racism throughout the play and due to the fact that there is hatred and antagonism between two different religions racism is reflective upon that.

Marketing Plan for an Elderly Home

The General Business Situation The market analysis presented is for a health care organization, Elderly Kin’s Home, which will offer full-time care services to the elderly population in Kings County. In the past, families used to take elderly relatives to their homes to recuperate and receive home-based care.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Marketing Plan for an Elderly Home specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, over the recent past, due to financial constraints, families can no longer afford to care for their elderly parents at home leaving this responsibility to humanitarian and faith-based organizations that have a limited capacity to provide these services. This has contributed to a rise in demand for home health care services. Besides, the elderly population is projected to increase as the ‘baby boomers’ generation approaches 65 years (Canon Stanley, 1990), which is the targ et market for this organization. Moreover, women, who traditionally cared for the elderly have taken up corporate careers, leaving the seniors with no home-based assistance. Strengths and Weaknesses Elderly Kin’s services will be based on the organization’s four core strengths. First, Kin’s will treat its clients with respect and dignity. Second, the home will involve the elderly patients in decision-making regarding their treatment and accommodation plans. Third, the patients, once admitted, will become part of a wide community of seniors who support one another psychologically and socially. Fourth, Kin’s will hire skilled caregivers who will offer quality care to clients. Thus, one of the major strengths of Kin’s will be its patient-focused approach. While other providers differentiate their services based on price, Kin’s will focus on the physical and emotional needs of its elderly clients. Kin’s will also offer psychosocial suppor t to the clients’ families. In this regard, Elderly Kin’s will reduce anxiety and stress and thus, give the families peace of mind by assuring them that their elderly relatives are in safe hands. Nonetheless, Kin’s will face many challenges in providing elderly care services. Among the potential challenges is the unwillingness of health insurers to cover the care costs of clients living in the facility. This will lock out clients with low incomes who cannot afford assisted care services. In addition, the facility, being a start-up, will have a low bed capacity and thus, will not admit many patients. This will also affect its client retention rate.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Opportunities and Threats Since the elderly population is projected to rise, the potential clientele for Kin’s is likely to increase. Currently, the marketing str ategies employed by most industry players revolve around pricing of home care services. Using common media, they market their services as affordable and reliable. Kin’s will focus its marketing strategy on patient needs. In this way, Kin’s will have an opportunity to expand its market by targeting residents in the neighborhood (living within a one-hour drive), elderly people who need care and families whose relatives are aged 65 years and above. Marketing will be done via online media and word of mouth. Nursing homes are often associated with stigma. It is believed that only frail and invalid clients seek assisted care in elderly homes. Moreover, there is a misconception that the facilities are homes for people nearing the end-of-life stage. Thus, social stigmas and misconceptions are major threats to the success of Kin’s nursing home. In addition, chronic conditions associated with old age, such as Alzheimer’s disease and diabetes require costly speciali zed care, which the home will not be able to offer. Industry Trends The shortage of nurses and other professionals in elderly care organizations has led to a sharp rise in costs of elderly home services. Thus, currently, this line of business is experiencing a boom, as more families bring their relatives to elderly homes for assisted nursing care. However, competition has greatly increased, as more providers enter the nursing home industry. Statistics indicate that over 12.9% of Americans are aged above 65 years and in need of assisted care (Kronenfeld, 2002). It is projected that the demand for home care services will continue to grow, as the number of elderly people (baby boomers) continues to rise. Therefore, the goal of the Elderly Kin’s Home is to position itself as the facility of choice for the elderly population in Kings County. The proportion of the elderly population (65 years and above) in the county is 11.5%.Advertising We will write a custom research paper s ample on Marketing Plan for an Elderly Home specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Although most families provide for their elder kin, a large proportion of the elderly in this county still need care services. Furthermore, it is expected that over 80% of Kin’s clients will afford full time care. In this regard, Kin’s predicts a 5% business growth over the next two years. Direct and Indirect Competition As already indicated, competition in this line of business is stiff. Currently, there are 71 nursing homes licensed to offer elderly care services within Kings County. These will be the direct competitors of Kin’s home services. They offer low cost services, which clients are more likely to choose when seeking for assisted living care. Nonetheless, Kin’s will market itself as a facility that offers quality services in a homelike environment. Three nursing homes within Kings County will compete directly with Kinâ₠¬â„¢s home. Rockwell, Hills Gate, and Clarke, which are the main facilities offering nursing home services. However, according to the latest inspection reports, they lack adequate nursing staff and bed capacity, and have low quality services. Indirect competition will mainly come from non-profit and faith-based organizations in the area. These facilities are adequately staffed, affordable, and provide specialized care to patients with neurological disorders. Moreover, non-profit homes often have relatively large bed capacities and thus, can admit more patients. Overall, it is expected that the homes run by non-profit and faith-based organizations will offer stiffer competition to Elderly Kin’s than those owned by direct competitors. Organizational Mission and Goals Kin’s Home intends to position itself as the facility of choice for clients seeking assisted care services. This goal is integral to Kin’s mission. According to Wilmshurst and Mackay (2002), a quality mission statement conveys an organization’s central purpose, goals, and activities. It should indicate what the organization intends to achieve now and in the long-term. Kin’s mission is to develop its capacity to offer quality and patient-focused services that will enable it to become a market leader in assisted home care for the elderly in Kings County. The facility plans to promote itself as a home that offers holistic care to clients and their families. Its objectives are as follows:Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More To position itself as the home that offers the highest nurse staffing hours per day (6 hours compared to the industry average of 4.2) To expand Kin’s bed capacity to a sizeable level of 200 beds up from the current 60 To offer specialized care to patients with chronic conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease, hypertension, and diabetes To reduce the stigma associated with elderly nursing homes by providing clients with holistic resident care in a homelike environment Marketing Strategy The success in achieving the set objectives will depend on how well Kin’s home will market its products. An effective marketing strategy should target a particular market segment. Target marketing helps an organization to â€Å"identify its current and future customers, and competitors† (Canon Stanley, 1990, p. 17). Kin’s marketing strategy will focus on elderly clients in the neighborhoods, family members living with aged individuals, and residents discharged to re cuperate at home. Its marketing activities will mainly involve the use of online media and the word of mouth. Many stigmas and misconceptions exist regarding nursing homes. It is often believed that nursing homes are akin to hospitals that care for patients nearing end-of-life stage. In this view, Kin’s home will market itself as a place that provides patient-focused daily care in a homelike environment. Kin’s will also offer a sense of community to its clients. Clients who come to Kin’s home will become part of a larger community of individuals who will learn together and support one another. Often, clients face a dilemma when deciding whether to take full-time or part-time care. Kin’s staff will advise potential clients accordingly in order to enable them to make sound decisions. Therefore, Kin’s home will market itself as a place that embraces the client-oriented model, which is different from the hospital-care approach used by the competitors. In this way, clients will be able to differentiate Kin’s services from those offered by its competitors. The facility, being a proprietary organization, will invest in advanced equipment to ensure quality services for its customers. It will inform potential clients of its advanced technology, including electronic medical records, which the clients’ families can access online. Target Customers Kin’s home will target people who need assisted living care. These include elderly individuals above the age of 65 living with their families or alone. Due to old age and age-related illnesses, elderly individuals cannot care for themselves. They need assisted care from siblings, daughters, sons, or relatives. However, work-related constraints make it difficult to care for elderly parents at home. In this regard, Kin’s target customers will comprise of families living with an elderly person, people aged above 65 years, and individuals in need of assisted living care. The primary target market will be the community living within a one-hour drive from the facility. Marketing Mix A marketing mix combines the different forces of the market environment to create a positive response for a new product or brand (Wilmshurst Mackay, 2002). It comprises of the ‘4 Ps’, which are the key parameters of the target market. These factors influence a firm’s marketing decision. Product – refers to the goods or services that an organization offers for sale. Kin’s Home, as a well-known brand, will offer assisted home care services to elderly clients in Kings County. The facility will offer client-centered care in a setting similar to the home environment. It will pride itself in providing quality services due to its high staffing levels and adequate bed capacity. It will also promote a sense of community in order to foster learning and social support for all clients. It will construct scalable premises to facilitate movement throu ghout the facility. Pricing – describes the price decisions and strategy an organization uses to penetrate the market. Kin’s will price its services at a lower rate than those offered by competitors. This will make Kin’s services affordable to people who need elderly care services. This will also enable it to attract clients from the other providers and enhance customer retention, which will facilitate business growth. The organization will construct scalable premises to reduce staffing levels and operational costs, especially during low business seasons. Uniform prices will be charged to all clients. However, low-income clients will be allowed to pay through the Prospective Payment System (PPS) (Coddington, Fischer, Moore, 2001). Promotion/Advertising – It entails marketing communication approaches to inform and persuade customers to purchase a product or service. Kin’s will invest in public relations and publicity to create a positive response f rom its target market. It will use a pull promotional strategy to create customer loyalty among the elderly population as a home of choice, which will translate into increased market share. Promotion will mainly involve online media and word of mouth. Distribution – The facility will be situated at a strategic location within Kings County. This will allow seniors living within a one-hour driving distance to receive part-time services. Families will also be able to visit their loved ones in the facility and receive regular updates regarding their physical and social wellbeing. The facility will operate within the local settings. This will allow the elderly community members to access its services. Furthermore, the location will help Kin’s reduce transportation costs and increase its market presence. Summary Kin’s home will be located near major hospitals in Kings county to target elderly patients in need of holistic care and assisted living in a homelike environm ent. Other target clients will be the elderly persons who are under the care of their families. A patient-focused business model will be used by this start-up. It is expected that this model will enable the facility to become a market leader in the elderly nursing sector. References Canon, D. Stanley, C. (1990). Marketing Planning in Small Enterprises: a Model and some Empirical Evidence. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 7(3), pp. 5-14. Coddington, D., Fischer, E. Moore, K. (2001). Strategies for the New Health  Marketplace: Managing the Convergence of Consumerism and Technology. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Kronenfeld, J. (2002). Health Care Policy: Issues and Trends. Westport, Ct : Praeger. Wilmshurst, J. Mackay, A. (2002). The Fundamentals and Practice of marketing. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. This research paper on Marketing Plan for an Elderly Home was written and submitted by user Leonel Daniels to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

On The Universality Of Poetry Essays - Chapbooks,

On the Universality of Poetry Like any art form, poetry is considered universal. It ranks with music, dance, and fine arts as a form or process of expressing Man's thoughts and passions. Unlike other art forms, however, poetry -- and in fact literature -- has a peculiar characteristic. As a medium it uses language, and unlike other mediums -- like rocks, paints, beat -- language is not universal, it is cultural. Since culture varies according to geography, time, religion, and gender -- it is without doubt that there are multitudes of different languages. Thus poetry becomes cultural or non-universal in form, a characteristic that confines the production and reception of poetry to people that understand the form(language, symbolism, idiom etc etc) that poetry use ---a relatively small class of people. Some time ago, our English class read T.S. Elliot's "The Love Song of Alfred J. Prufrock", a long poem in the form of a soliloquy on whether or not the persona should or should not approach a woman he loves, eat a peach, or part his hair. Critiques declared it as the modern Hamlet -- a reflection of the consciousness of the Modern Man. They exclaimed that the poem is a concise description of resent ideologies and philosophies. With a lot of difficulty and guidance, we understood and even appreciated the poem, primarily because we are familiar with the "language" that Elliot used. But would a farmer or just abut any individual unfamiliar with the nuances of poetry understand o appreciate it? Maybe, but the most probable scenario is that they would understand the major points of the poem, but t not recognize little details that make the poem great -- the fact that it contains excerpts from major English writers and that the images in the poem echoes its sense. It can also be noted that the allusions present in "Prufrock" are Western in origin. There are cuts from Chaucer, Donne, Shakespeare and about every other canonical English writers. This technique of alluding to the Masters is not present in Prufruck alone. In fact, this is prevalent in the literary works produced in the past four hundred years. Allusion in poetry is not only for aesthetic purposes but also a way of showing respect to someone/something great. That almost all allusions are to Western pieces, imply that literature is indeed or what is considered to be "great" literature are essentially Western. Consequently the standard for literature became that of the West's and the habit of Western-oriented poetry is established. It became increasingly more difficult for new and different to be accepted as great or even as poetry/literature. Thus Eastern writers -- in order to be great -- have to come up to this Western ideals and in the process become Western. The most common misconception is that poetry/literature is universal because it tackles the Human condition -- it is a reflection of Humanity. That even if an idea is stated in a different way, themes behind certain poems transcend culture, time, and therefore language. It is. That the indicission felt by Prufrock is no different from the indecision that Rama felt in Bhagavad Gita. Yes. But would an Indian appreciate the fact that Prufrock's internal conflict is about hair-parting and eating peach? Would an Englishman understand the Bhagavad Gita if it is written in Hindu or even understand the essentially Asian concern of wheter he should or should etc etc? The fact is that form and meaning come hand in hand. The form determines the meaning and vice versa. There cannot be one without the other. Thus if a person does not even go beyond understanding what the form expresses, what he sees is just a fragment of the piece of literature, a part of the whole. Since people are divided into classes of individuals with different colors, occupation, and gender each with their won way of expressing their already varying experiences even of the same events -- there can never be one unifying and universal language, form, and therefore nver be any kind of universal literature.

Sending an E-mail Without Proofreading is Like Shooting a Gun Without Aiming

Sending an E-mail Without Proofreading is Like Shooting a Gun Without Aiming Sending an E-mail Without Proofreading is Like Shooting a Gun Without Aiming Sending an E-mail Without Proofreading is Like Shooting a Gun Without Aiming By Mary For most professionals, communicating by e-mail is a part of daily life. E-mail is a very convenient way to communicate basic information to one or more people. Even though most professionals feel that e-mail makes their lives easier, there are also a number of complications related to e-mail usage. When you press send on an e-mail message, you have transmitted what amounts to a permanent written record of your thoughts on a particular subject to another person. The other person is free to read your message, delete your message, or forward your message to any number of other people. As any businesspeople who have ever found themselves in trouble over a little thing like a few shredded documents can tell you, having a permanent written record of your words is no laughing matter. Of course, if your words are riddled with grammatical mistakes, misused words, poorly written sentences, and typographical errors your e-mail messages very well may become laughing matters. Your co-workers may be very entertained by evidence that your writing skills leave something to be desired. It is a fact that people form impressions about your level of intelligence based on how you write. If you send e-mail messages that are full of errors to co-workers and clients, they are likely to form a negative impression of you. Make sure to carefully proofread all e-mail messages before you hit send. Keep in mind that you know where you are sending your e-mail, but you don’t know where it might end up. A misfired e-mail message that is full of mistakes can shatter your reputation. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Spelling category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:10 Grammar Mistakes You Should AvoidExcited ABOUT, not "for" Capitalizing Titles of People and Groups

Project and Change Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Project and Change Management - Assignment Example Break Even Point Indeed, in talking about break even point, reference is being made to that time in the investment process when a balance can be reached in either making a profit or a los (Chen, and Chung, 2009). Subsequently, gain must equal loss at this point so that the marginal level of profit can be 0 on a normative scale. Noting that in our present scenario the capital injection will not be added into finding the break even point, it is important to mention however that the opportunity cost of the capital shall be accounted for. This way, the break even point can be said to be that time in the investment when gains from reduced cost of labor and increases in gross revenue per year is equated to the sum of all the expenditure cost. Should the project be accepted for financing? Generally, a project is worth accepting for financing if the cost of the capital injection is relatively less than the internal rate of return. In other words, the internal rate of return ought to be great er than the capital for the investment to be accepted as viable. To this end, as the quoted net present value on the investment has been found to be 572968 whiles the initial capital is 450,050, it can be said that the project should be accepted for financing. Question 2: Earned Value Management – Project monitoring and controlling 1. Based on the 0-100% rule, please calculate the following: a. CPI and SPI and explain what the values mean. [4 pts] The CPI strikes a ratio between the expected value and the actual value. In this present situation, the expected values are represented by the planned cost. Subsequently, CPI = ?Planned Cost/?Actual Cost = 3600/3400 = 1.06 Value for SPI is calculated based on the period for which activities that been completed according to the 100%. In this direction, SPI = Expected Value / Present Value = 600+1200+400+400)/(600+1200+400+400) = 2600/2600 = 1 b. Estimated cost at completion for the deck project