Harvard Business School Essay Example for Free

Harvard Business School Essay August 8, 1995 had taken an unexpected turn for Netscape Communications Corporation’s board of directors. Earlier that morning, the day before the company’s scheduled initial public offering (IPO), Netscape’s lead underwriters proposed to the board a 100% increase in the original offering price from $14 to $28 per share. This recommendation came in response to the remarkable oversubscription for Netscape’s shares, which had already prompted the underwriters to increase the number of shares to be offered from 3.5 million to 5 million. Under the current proposal, a company with a net book value of just over $16 million that had yet to turn a profit, was suddenly valued at over billion. The Board faced a pricing dilemma within the context of an extremely unpredictable industry. While its members wanted to be responsive to Wall Street’s current zeal, they also wanted to make sure that the fundamentals of Netscape justified such a dramatic increase in valuation. Netscape Communications Founded in April 1994, Netscape Communications Corporation provided a comprehensive line of client, server, and integrated applications software  for communications and commerce on the Internet and private Internet Protocol (IP) networks. These products enabled the growing network of servers on the World Wide Web to communicate through multimedia, including graphics, video and sound. Designed with enhanced security code, these software products provided the confidentiality required to execute financial transactions and to sell advertisements on the Internet and private IP networks. The company’s most popular product, Netscape Navigator, was the leading client software program that allowed individual personal computer (PC) users to exchange information and conduct commerce on the Internet. Navigator featured a click-and-point graphical user interface that enabled users to navigate the Internet by manipulating icons and windows rather than by using text commands. With the user-friendly interface as a guide, Navigator offered a variety of Internet functions including Web browsing, file transfers, news group communications, and e-mail. Initially shipped in December 1994, Netscape Navigator generated 49% and 65% of total revenues for the quarters ended March 31, 1995, and June 30, 1995, respectively. Netscape’s server software provided enterprises with the basic capabilities necessary for creating and operating Web server â€Å"sites,† or places on the Web which browsers could visit. Research Associate Kendall H. Backstrand wrote this case under the supervision of Professor W. Carl Kester as the basis for class discussion rather than to illustrate either effective or ineffective handling of an administrative situation. Copyright  © 1996 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College. To order copies or request permission to reproduce materials, call 1-800-545-7685 or write Harvard Business School Publishing, Boston, MA 02163. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, used in a spreadsheet, or transmitted in any form or by any means—electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise—without the permission of Harvard Business School. Incorporating both browser and server functions, the company’s integrated applications software programs were designed to provide enterprises with the capability to manage large-scale commercial sites on the Internet. Such applications enabled these enterprises to conduct full-scale electronic commerce through a seamless system. Together, server and integrated applications software accounted for 36% of total revenues in the first quarter of 1995, and 28% of total revenues in the second. Of these revenues, the majority were generated by one of Netscape’s three server products, Netscape Commerce Server .1 Revenues from Netscape’s server and integrated applications products were expected to increase as a percentage of overall revenues in the future. In addition to product revenues, Netscape generated service revenues, which were attributable to fees from consulting, maintenance, and support services. These revenues amounted to approximately 5% and 7% of total revenues for the quarters ended March 31, 1995 and June 30, 1995, respectively. Financial Performance Netscape had incurred total losses of $4.3 million on total revenues of $16.6 million for its first two operating quarters ended June 30, 1995. The company expected to continue to operate at a loss for the foreseeable future. Exhibits 1 and 2 provide Netscape’s financial statements since its incorporation in April 1994. Operating activities for the six months ended June 30, 1995 had generated $7.3 million in cash. Cash flows from financing activities of $20.5 million were primarily attributable to the net proceeds of $17.3 million from the issuance of Series C Preferred Stock and borrowings of $2.2 million under a debt facility agreement. Cash used in investment activities of $22.1 million related to $16.6 in short-term investments and $5 million in capital expenditures. At the end of the second quarter of 1995, Netscape’s principal sources of liquidity were $8.9 million in cash and the $16.6 million in shortterm investments. The company expected total capital expenditures for 1995 of approximately $12 million. Industry Background The demand for Netscape’s products had evolved out of the development of the Internet in the late 1960s. The Internet was a global network designed to facilitate communication between some 35,000 computer networks using the enabling code termed Internet Protocol. According to International Data Corporation (IDC), in mid-1995 there were approximately 57 million Internet users. Of those 57 million users, IDC estimated that approximately 8 million were accessing information on the World Wide Web. Engineered in the early 1990s, the Web was a technology that linked one bit of information on the Internet with another so that users could share â€Å"webs† of ideas. The Web consisted of a network of Web servers that posted information in a common format described by the Hypertext Markup Language (â€Å"HTML†). Internet users were able to access information on the Web by implementing the appropriate Hypertext Transfer Protocol (â€Å"HTTP†). Because it necessitated complex coding, the Web had remained largely undiscovered by nontechnical users who simply wanted to browse, a popular pastime which came to be dubbed â€Å"surfing the Net.† 1Bundled packages of Netscape Navigator and Netscape Commerce Server accounted for about 10% of total revenues in the first quarter, while its contribution in the second quarter was immaterial. 2 Netscapes Initial Public Offering Netscape’s Entrance Meanwhile at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, a group of computer science students working at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA) developed the graphical software program that gave rise to the notion of â€Å"surfing.† Named NCSA Mosaic, the software program enabled nontechnical users to access and retrieve information on the Web. The Mosaic code organized Web information into neat collections of graphical electronic menus on which users could simply click-and-point to browse their contents. In April 1993, the founders of Mosaic, under the leadership of then senior Marc Andreessen, began distributing the software for free to anyone who had the technical means to fetch it electronically. The superb results of this strategy—two million Mosaic users within one year—made for more than cocktail conversation among high-tech gurus in California’s Silicon Valley. Jim Clark, the founder of Silicon Graphics, Inc. (known for its workstations that turned data into 3-D computer images), was among those who were impressed not only by Mosaic itself but by the broader vision of its creator, Andreessen. After hearing that Andreessen had moved to Silicon Valley in early 1994, Clark sent him an email asking if they might meet to discuss the future of  Mosaic. This exchange and subsequent discussions formed the launching pad for Mosaic Communications, which was shortly renamed Netscape Communications Corporation. In addition to dropping the Mosaic name, Netscape paid Spyglass (the company that had engaged in an exclusive licensing arrangement with the University of Illinois) a one-time $2.4 million fee for the rights to certain Mosaic code. With the original code, Clark’s management experience and $3 million in seed money, and Andreessen’s vision and technical expertise, Netscape made its entrance into the highly dynamic Internet market.

My Day in Africa Essay -- Descriptive Essay Examples

My day in Africa was one I'll not soon forget. I toured two major cities of Morocco-land of mystery, enticement, and enchantment. I was expecting belly dancers, snake charmers, and many exotic sights filled with color and intricate decoration. While I did see some of what I expected, the majority of what I saw was totally unexpected and will haunt me forever. As I boarded the ship that was to take me across the Mediterranean Sea to the northern shores of Morocco, I felt an array of mixed emotions. Mainly, I was excited. After all, I was only 13 and about to become "tricontinental." The previous five days I had spent in sunny Spain, and now I was to travel to Africa for one day. Besides excited, I also felt deeply intrigued and mystified. Moroccans practice the Muslim religion, and Arabic is one of their main languages. This may seem a bit prejudiced, but as I took my seat in the boat, the song "Arabian Nights" was playing over and over in my mind. However, I was dressed very conservatively so as not to offend anybody. The boat ride took only about 45 minutes. After we had docked and debarked the ship, we were led straight to a bus. My first glimpse of Africa wasn't too exciting, since it was just pretty much like Andalucia, the southern region of Spain. It was a little warmer here, though, being so close to the equator. We rode for a while and then stopped to have our passports checked in a city owned by Spain. This is when I had my first "real" glimpse of Morocco. There was trash strewn all over alongside the old, cracked pavement of the road. Natives attending to their business stopped for a moment to stare at the tour bus that held so many foreigners. Of course, they could scarcely see us because of the tinted ... ...ed fezzes, which he sold for 2000 pesetas, or about 10 dollars. I said, "No, thank you." The man replied, "Oh, you buy from in store but don't buy from the street, eh?" I honestly didn't know what to say, so I just said, "I'm sorry." His reply was, "I bet." I just kept on walking, feeling very guilty. But as it turned out, he gave my mom a 1000 peseta discount, so she bought three of the hats. As I boarded the bus, I felt relieved to be leaving Morocco behind me. But then I looked back at all the people, some of them children, and thought how difficult it must be to have to go through hardships every single day, hardships worse than anything we modern Americans have ever endured. I was leaving Morocco, but these people had no way out. Even today, the sights and sounds of its cities still haunt me. I suppose those memories always will. Â   My Day in Africa Essay -- Descriptive Essay Examples My day in Africa was one I'll not soon forget. I toured two major cities of Morocco-land of mystery, enticement, and enchantment. I was expecting belly dancers, snake charmers, and many exotic sights filled with color and intricate decoration. While I did see some of what I expected, the majority of what I saw was totally unexpected and will haunt me forever. As I boarded the ship that was to take me across the Mediterranean Sea to the northern shores of Morocco, I felt an array of mixed emotions. Mainly, I was excited. After all, I was only 13 and about to become "tricontinental." The previous five days I had spent in sunny Spain, and now I was to travel to Africa for one day. Besides excited, I also felt deeply intrigued and mystified. Moroccans practice the Muslim religion, and Arabic is one of their main languages. This may seem a bit prejudiced, but as I took my seat in the boat, the song "Arabian Nights" was playing over and over in my mind. However, I was dressed very conservatively so as not to offend anybody. The boat ride took only about 45 minutes. After we had docked and debarked the ship, we were led straight to a bus. My first glimpse of Africa wasn't too exciting, since it was just pretty much like Andalucia, the southern region of Spain. It was a little warmer here, though, being so close to the equator. We rode for a while and then stopped to have our passports checked in a city owned by Spain. This is when I had my first "real" glimpse of Morocco. There was trash strewn all over alongside the old, cracked pavement of the road. Natives attending to their business stopped for a moment to stare at the tour bus that held so many foreigners. Of course, they could scarcely see us because of the tinted ... ...ed fezzes, which he sold for 2000 pesetas, or about 10 dollars. I said, "No, thank you." The man replied, "Oh, you buy from in store but don't buy from the street, eh?" I honestly didn't know what to say, so I just said, "I'm sorry." His reply was, "I bet." I just kept on walking, feeling very guilty. But as it turned out, he gave my mom a 1000 peseta discount, so she bought three of the hats. As I boarded the bus, I felt relieved to be leaving Morocco behind me. But then I looked back at all the people, some of them children, and thought how difficult it must be to have to go through hardships every single day, hardships worse than anything we modern Americans have ever endured. I was leaving Morocco, but these people had no way out. Even today, the sights and sounds of its cities still haunt me. I suppose those memories always will. Â  

Case Analysis of Andrea Yates

Nathan Merrill XXJUN2012 PS208 Case Analysis of Andrea Yates After close review and careful analysis of the case of Andrea Yates and the circumstances which led to the drowning death and murder of her five children, I first would like to state my personal opinion on the conclusion of the case which was the majority consensus at the time of her trial and sentencing.She was guilty of a horrible murder and although certainly had mental problems, which is apparent by her actions that most completely rational thinking human being and mother would be incapable of committing, and expertly used an insanity plea to lessen the sanctions that should have and inevitably would have been brought upon her. The major dilemma in this entire case was not based upon whether Andrea Yates had or had not committed the crime of murder five times over on her own flesh and blood or even if she was mentally sick.The defining line in this case is the interpretation by which we judge insanity and the scale by which we way the accuracy if someone convicted of a crime and pleads insanity was actually aware that the crime they committed was a wrong doing. The interpretations are subject to base line analysis which has changed over time since its inception on how we decide if a person is mentally capable of knowing their actions and thus should be held responsible for those actions to the farthest extent of the law.Basically this case comes down to if Yates knew her actions were wrong and if she made the conscious decision to murder her children, which in my personal opinion is a resounding yes. I would not argue the fact that Yates is mentally ill but the this cased seemed to revolve around the fact of if she comes up with a good enough reason to commit such a horrible crime then it can appear that she honestly thought by her actions she was protecting her children. The circumstances based on religion become confusing but could also be the result of a masterfully constructed defense.Granted , a life in a mental institution would be no walk in the park or even enjoyable but far less intrusive than death itself or a life in the general population of penitentiary living. My conclusion is that yes, Yates is sick, but I feel a strong possibility of her understanding the wrongness of her actions to the rest of society but in her opinion acted in the greater good based on religiously psychotic feeling of heaven and hell which was a foundation of making a decision to take her children’s lives while understanding it was wrong and should have been dealt with by a swifter and stronger hand of justice.My opinion aside this is the conclusion and information brought forth by unbiased research as to the case and analysis of Yates. Only one of a twelve mental health experts who testified concluded that the Yates was legally sane when she drowned her five children in the family bathtub. The witness, called by prosecutors, was Park Dietz, a forensic psychiatrist and the prosecuto rs' only mental health expert, Dietz and his testimony helped convict Yates. The conviction later was overturned. When Yates is retried, much of the attention again was on Dietz, who is back on the prosecution's witness list.And now, there are questions about Dietz's conclusions in the Yates case because of his testimony in another trial involving a Texas mother who killed two of her children. Questions have added intrigue to a case in which prosecutors' initial decision to seek the death penalty ignited a national debate over how mental illness and postpartum depression are viewed in criminal courts. The Yates case now has become a symbol of the influence that expert witnesses hold in trials in our country each day, and a test of how psychiatrists' opinions are used in court.The standards judges use in deciding whether to admit psychiatric opinions in court are less precise than those used to allow testimony about scientific evidence that is more obviously measurable, such as DNA o r fingerprints. George Parnham, who was Yates' lead attorney, said the defense hopes to raise doubts about Dietz's analysis of Yates. The defense, Parnham said, was to focus on why Dietz found Yates to be sane and therefore legally responsible for her actions and also why he came to the opposite conclusion in 2004 in a similar case involving Deanna Laney, a Texas mother who killed two of her sons.Kaylynn Williford, who was a Harris County prosecutor, said Dietz's analysis in other cases is not relevant to the Yates case. She says she will ask the judge to limit Dietz's testimony to his analysis of Yates. If convicted, Yates was facing life in prison, but not execution. That issue was settled at her first trial, when the jury rejected execution. Texas law defines insanity as the inability to know right from wrong. At Yates' trial, Dietz testified that Yates knew that drowning her children was wrong. Jurors agreed with Dietz's opinion and rejected her insanity defense.A key difference in the Yates case from other similar cases was that she didn’t state that she attacked her sons at God's direction. Yates had told Dietz that she had drowned her children — Noah, 7; John, 5; Paul, 3; Luke, 2; and Mary, 6 months — at the direction of Satan, according to the trial transcript. She also told Dietz she thought it was wrong. Although Yates readily confessed to what she had done, and the crimes were committed in less than an hour, what led up to her killing her children had been building for almost two years she had said.Odd family dynamics, fundamentalist religious beliefs, clinical care that was fragmented at best, and the quirks and inadequacies of the American medical-insurance system all had some role in the Yates' family tragedy. The case also highlighted the lack of recognition of the potentially deadly consequences of postnatal disorders, and the limitations of the justice system in dealing with individuals who are mentally ill. Andrea Yates b egan to show signs of mental illness shortly after the birth of her first child, when she had a hallucination that involved a stabbing.After the birth of her fourth child, she attempted suicide by taking an overdose of sedatives. She was taken to hospital, but was eventually discharged before her symptoms were resolved because her insurance company limited the number of days of inpatient care it would pay for. She was prescribed antidepressants, but did not take them. In a second suicide attempt, she held a knife against her throat and began to mutilate herself and heard voices that told her to â€Å"get a knife†.When she became near catatonic, doctors suggested electroconvulsive therapy, but the family rejected this option. Finally, she received a drug cocktail containing an antipsychotic agent. The medication was apparently effective, but Andrea believed she had been given â€Å"truth serum†, which caused her to lose control of herself. Despite a psychiatrist's warni ng that having another child would more than likely provoke another psychotic episode, the Yates had a fifth child.The implication was that Andrea had got the idea for her actions from the television program. However, no such episode had ever aired. This was the false testimony, a mistake Dietz acknowledged, on which the case was eventually overturned and a new trial granted. Rusty Yates, Andrea’s husband, divorced his wife and remarried. Andrea's commitment to a state mental institution is subject to court supervision and is reviewed periodically but chances are she will remain in a mental hospital for the rest of her life.Several professional communities have used Andrea's case to try to prevent a similar tragedy from occurring. The Mental Health Association of Greater Houston established the Yates Children Memorial Fund to educate the public about issues affecting women's mental health after birth and the effect of post pardum depression and disorders. In 2003, the Texas s tate legislature passed the Andrea Yates Bill. The bill requires all providers of prenatal care to give new mothers information about resources available to help them with postnatal depression.

Concepts of Cybernetics in conjunction with management - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 1998 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Every day we solve the problem or try to solve them. Both at work and at home. More and more problems. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Concepts of Cybernetics in conjunction with management" essay for you Create order Starting on the evening of rest and ending with how to find housing. And thats just the problems that we know who lie on the surface. And how many hidden, invisible problems? And unfortunately, the problems are not solved in isolation. For this we have to communicate, to join the organization. And if there are organizations, it means there is someone who is trying to coordinate and give the organization integrity. Then, the organization has come their problems, which also must be addressed. All this becomes too complicated. And begins to simplify the requirements. And here enters the game management cybernetics. What kind of science of cybernetics? Initially, the founder of cybernetics as a science is Norbert Wiener. In what major additions and improvements to cybernetics introduced Stafford Beer. Stafford Beer believed that cybernetics is the science of management and communication. Since cybernetics originated, of course, she has come a long way from its beginnings to the establ ishment of some basic concepts and ideas which are now fundamental. But today, as never before, with the development of information systems and technology raises the question:  «Is it possible to management cybernetics and its advantages, if any? » The main idea is how to correctly use the basic methodology as applied to information systems design and when it is worth doing. The correct answer and the prioritization of this issue may help to consider and improve science management to a fundamentally new and qualitatively. This is a relatively new science of its inception, but has already achieved significant results in organizations and tutoring services as commercial and noncommercial. Currently, management cybernetics developed and applied in large multinational companies in the private sector in policy -making bodies, professionally and personal life. Management cybernetics allows the head to look at the problem from a completely different look, and thus create an o pportunity for organizations create a certain immune response to the difficulties in the world. Below I will try to explain the nucleation management cybernetics and the basic bonuses and ideas its use in modern business and the tasks that need to solve management problems. Cybernetics in IS management Before considering such a thing as management cybernetics, I would like to depart from established definitions and give your view on this term, and subsequently find out what is cybernetics. Lets try to look more deeply into the definition and see its meaning. There are many definitions of cybernetics, one of the most common sounds in this way:  «Science the basis of governance.  » From my point of view, more easily and capacitance definition might sound like this: Cybernetics is the science that seeks to know the deep essence of natural phenomena, describe them more precise language, to formalize and make more effective methods of control. You could say that is some ÃÆ'‘ cybernetics common base, the theory of management in nature, society, social systems. One of the problems of cybernetics, Norbert Veer has stated, is the problem of optimal control of complex dynamic systems. If you think, we live in a world of complex dynamic systems. Hence cybernet ics can give us the answer how to correctly and efficiently build their relations in management issues and the relationship with the outside world. Currently, cybernetics can be divided into two large sections: theoretical and practical. Theoretical Cybernetics its aim is to study general fundamental laws and principles that govern the management of facilities of any nature. Applied cybernetics is in turn divided into three major areas: Biological Cybernetics ( control in living organisms ) Technical Cybernetics ( management of technical systems ) Economic cybernetics ( control in society ) Economic cybernetics, as the area of ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¹ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¹application techniques and methodologies to problems of economic cybernetics solves the problem of improving governance. Its main purpose is to study the production as a whole organism in order to determine the fundamental laws and principles, which in turn govern economic processes and phenomena, the formation methods of targeting economic processes, development of specific systems of economic planning and management that would help solve problems arising in the management and business planning. At the moment we came close to the concept of management cybernetics. I see this concept as part of cybernetics which uses the methods and achievements of cybernetics as a methodological, theoretical and technical basis for the decision to form a break. We can say that one of the probable causes of management cybernetics, from my point of view, is the fact that cybernetics has facilitated the establishment of quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the relationship of individual events, and management efficiency, mainly through the modeling of economic processes and the use of economic-mathematical methods to optimize management and decision-making. Modeling system, which offered management cybernetics, to some extent to assess the state of productio n, which can be achieved provided that the management decisions and that in turn will more clearly provide immediate results and effectiveness of management actions. This is one of the fundamental capacities to assess the quality of a company, organization, understanding at what stage of life the company is using the management cybernetics. Cybernetics just need and it is important to use in the management, because cybernetics ideas and approaches expanded the boundaries of management decision theory, which is developing a system possible outcomes in different situations, when the state and behavior of the managed object is well known, but when there is little data to determine the probability results in the implementation of decisions and, accordingly, there is a percentage of risk in achieving the desired result. Or in situations where there are no reliable data to assess the state of the object management and its ability to respond to these or other management decisions under unc ertainty, which is commonplace in our world of management. Thus using cybernetics in management there is a possibility to increase performance and create opportunities for addressing problems in areas such as functional operations research, mathematical analysis, and simulation, heuristics guiding decision-making, game theory, and mathematical statistics. One of the most important parts of cybernetics is part of the theory of information, which is the basis for information systems design. Science is widely used in the development of institutional management. For this purpose, operations research, organizational analysis, design, relationships between individual units based on network planning methods and management. The main ideas of management cybernetics based on the automation of individual transactions or groups of operations within the cycle of production management, as well as for creating workstations in managing and developing information management systems. Considerin g the cybernetics and management is important to note the next time the subject of cybernetics is the fundamental laws and principles of management that are common to wildlife, human society and industry. Management cybernetics, from my point of view, exploring the specific form of management managing the production and its specific to this area and particularly the problems. Particular attention should be paid to the general laws and principles of cybernetics that occur in specific controlled conditions of production economic organizations. Of course you can clearly note that the broader concept cannot replace the private and thus, the cybernetic concept of wider scope and content management concepts in a special science. On the other hand, the complex issues that we study the management cybernetics do not fit into the problems of cybernetics. Participants in the relationship management cybernetics primarily serve people. Production management has as its foundation rather social in nature. It is primarily management of human activities, and management features also carry people. It is obvious that the management cannot be completely formalized, although it may be to some extent, divided into separate, relatively simple, mathematically described by the operation. A number of functions and management techniques are extremely subject of production management. Certainly a wide Spector facilities are subject to examination by the management cybernetics is the economic system. The subject of the study is different in nature information processes, which occur in economic systems and mechanisms for economic management. Economic systems are the object of study of economic cybernetics and management cybernetics. Various economic theories are studying the relations of production, the operation of objective economic laws, or a deep foundation process of the economic system. Management cybernetics based on the results of economic analysis, in turn, examines the struc tural and functional forms of organization and management of these processes. With respect to management cybernetics is important to understand the basic concepts of cybernetics as a system model, a black box ; the principle of external addition, the feedback law is a necessary and sufficient diversity and related with the principal findings and conclusions. At the moment still an open question as how binds cybernetics and management. Quite simply, in the framework of this communication is a fundamental principle which is called feedback . It is the universality of the concept of feedback has allowed many to understand the phenomenon and to establish an analogue control processes in living organisms, machines and society. Between elements of two types of relationships real and substantive information. In general, the feedback means between the outputs of any element to the input of the same element are carried out directly or through other elements of the system. The concept of feedback takes the importance of management systems, because the feedback is used as a channel through which a governing body receives information on the status and results of operation of a managed object. In the example of management cybernetics feedback manifests the unity of management and control part. Figure It is known that the backbone of any economy is the production, creation of economic output. In turn, financial stability, solvency, liquidity, operational efficiency is impossible without having a sufficient level of scientific management theory and determined its effects on the economic processes of the enterprise. Thus, it is important to note that management uses achievements of cybernetics as a methodological and theoretical basis for making informed decisions and common issues, goals, objectives, functions and management practices. Conclusion Thus, summarizing all the above mentioned would like to highlight several key points that I made ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¹ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¹for myself while working on this job. The emergence of cybernetics, the science of common patterns management processes, implemented in living beings, machines, and their complexes, and allowed to gather and synthesize a huge number of facts which showed that the management of all organized systems is similar. The difference in the management of objects relating to the criteria of purpose, objectives and content management. However, the structure and construction management processes in organized systems of all ranks have the features of a deep affinity, community. These circumstances are explained by the fact it seems to me that the management is always an information process. Cybernetics studies the receipt and transmission, storage and conversion, processing and use information. Communication between manag ement and information processes the major achievement management cybernetics. It helps to understand the technology management process and, most importantly, expose its study with quantitative methods. A distinctive feature of the cybernetic approach to learning and improving management processes the use of their counterparts in the animate and inanimate nature, and modeling. The main objective is to achieve on the basis of inherent methods and tools for the optimal level of control, i.e., the adoption of best management decisions. Thus, this is called a cybernetic control, which: Provides an optimal solution of multi- dynamic problems of the organization; Uses specific techniques, advanced cybernetics (feedback, self-regulation and self-organization, etc.); Extensive use of mechanization and automation of administrative operations through the use of computing and control technology and computer technology. Considers the organization as some larger system, each element of which is taken not only in itself but as part of a larger whole, to which he belongs; From cybernetics management borrows the following laws and principles of requisite variety, emergence, external addition, feedback, choosing solutions, decomposition, and hierarchical control and automatic regulation (self-regulation).