Literature Review on Leadership Theories, Leadership styles and Research Paper

Writing Review on Leadership Theories, Leadership styles and Visioning - Research Paper Example This liberality and flighty style has been adjusted by numerous ICT organizations. Facebook has the equivalent easygoing office spread out and furthermore gives representatives free food. Viximo has a â€Å"come and go as you please† strategy and really urges their representatives to set up their own business. The inquiry presently is whether this administration styles are truly borne of the innovation or a change of the exemplary ones. Hireling Leadership As right on time as 1977, Robert Greenleaf as of now thought of Servant initiative hypothesis. He contends that extraordinary pioneers are the ones that serve his constituents. However, prior scholars like Socrates and Xenophon (Adair, 1989) accepted that pioneers should lead by serving and considerably sooner than that is St. Paul who freely pronounced that his methodology in administering others and causing them to tail him is by serving them. This is a similar methodology utilized by Jesus Christ. Despite the fact that ma ny may scrutinize his persona as God, nobody can scrutinize the enormity of his administration style (Cross, 1998). ... These things permit the workers to develop and learn and carry out their responsibilities (Dess and Picken, 2000). The trial of whether hireling administration (Greenleaf, 1977) is viable lies in the profitability of the individuals inside the association. Hireling pioneers demonstrate the framework is working when individuals are increasingly free and capable outperform the nature of work expected of them. It tends to be contended that an association with a worker chief really fills a need, not the individual. A few instances of worker pioneers are Mahatma Gandhi and Nelson Mandela. They all standard their country yet put their motivation up front as opposed to depending on their persona. This permits the individuals to pivot their confidence on a fantasy rather than an individual. It fortifies their confidence in a dream rather than an individual (Zohar and Marshall, 2001). Activity Centered Leaders Adair (1973) additionally built up the Action-Centered Leadership hypothesis. This pioneer plainly divides three degrees of initiative: the group, the activity, and the individual. These three components require separate procedures yet additionally cover as each can't be worked in a vacuum, one must be worked in thought with the other two. This hypothesis contends that there is no administration style that might be viewed as the best kind and that few styles may really be utilized in a solitary association by one individual. The key is in figuring out what kind works best for a specific circumstance. In the event that worker administration puts the members’ need in up front, ACL accepts that the errand is the most significant component in driving an association (Adair, 1989). Leaderless Theory This is, maybe, the freshest of the new speculations that are rising and furthermore the one that is straightforwardly impacted by ICT. Ori Brafman and Rod Beckstrom

Value Chain for Effective ERP System - myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Talk about theValue Chain for Effective ERP System. Answer: Presentation For the contemporary business associations, gracefully chain the board is a significant perspective to be considered so as to give consistent and powerful progression of the items in the market. Xxx is one of the main electronic associations working in Australia. They are having 20,000 square meter of dispersion focus from where they flexibly their items to the end clients and wholesalers. In any case, in the ongoing time, they are having a few issues in their appropriation place because of the which, more client protests are coming. This report will break down the information being accumulated from their database so as to decide the issues and will suggest arrangements in like manner. ID of the issues Regarding the protest types, the best three issues being distinguished are the conveyance, wrong amount and wrong item. Main driver investigation will be utilized so as to distinguish the cause of the issues. Starting main driver investigation to decide the issue with conveyance shows that the plan of the conveyance chain isn't viable. The items ought to be in a chain procedure which isn't as of now occurring in the distribution center. One the other hand, the deliverymen are getting the items from the opposite side of the bundling office. Along these lines, it is including additional time. Further examination demonstrated that Lack of moving hardware in the distribution center is likewise acquiring additional time because of manual transportation of the products. Additionally, it is likewise being seen that the staff are not prepared well to work the current hardware in the distribution center. Another issue being distinguished is an inappropriate amount of the merchandise being conveyed to the clients. Examination shows that the outbound offices are not viable in conveying the products to the client. Further examination shows that there is a genuine slack in coordination between the client agents and the outbound representatives. In this manner, the specific client prerequisite isn't been viably transmitted to the outbound division. Conveying incorrectly item is another recognized issue. Underlying driver investigation of this issue shows that absence of coordination as talked about before is liable for this. Likewise, it is been seen that the stockroom format isn't planned appropriately and because of this, off-base items are being dispatched to the clients. In any case, examination shows that there are no bad things to say being found from the side of the CSR staffs. Proposals and suggestions The prime viewpoint that ought to be considered in improving the adequacy of the activities in the stockroom is to execute a successful ERP framework (Schniederjans and Yadav 2013). Underlying driver investigation demonstrated that the current ERP framework being utilized in the stockroom isn't powerful and isn't very much organized with all the representatives in the tasks. The current ERP framework can't ready to transmit the data from inbound to the outbound offices adequately. Hence, actualizing as good as ever ERP framework will assist with improving the coordination in the stockroom (HassabElnaby, Hwang and Vonderembse 2012). Another suggestion that is additionally significant in improving the viability of the ERP framework is the preparation of the workers in giving the framework. Examination demonstrated that there is an absence of preparing for the representatives in dealing with the activity in the distribution center. Accordingly, it is essential to give legitimate prepari ng to the workers to upgrade their adequacy and efficiency. The format of the distribution center ought to likewise be changed and adjusted to expand its viability. The leaving design is including additional time in discharging the products. A perfect distribution center format ought to be in a legitimate succession (Accorsi, Manzini and Maranesi 2014). It ought to be planned so that, the products will enter from the inbound offices and will experience the different divisions in its manner lastly will be discharged through the outbound offices. It will assist with decreasing the time being expended in the process alongside lessening the likelihood of mistake in the process because of its consecutive example. Another region of progress that ought to likewise be considered is the usage of most recent apparatus in the distribution center (Hamberg and Verriet 2012). This is because of the explanation that absence of apparatus in the distribution center is making loss of time due manual transportation. Along these lines, commencement of moving app aratus will assist with moving the divine beings in huge amount at once and in less time. In this manner, the issue generally conveyance can be explained. Information mining of the ERP information being gotten from the association additionally shows that clients have griped about getting harmed merchandise moreover. Consequently, inception of the worker preparing in successful treatment of the activity will assist with upgrading the profitability of the representatives just as diminishing the pace of blunder in taking care of the tasks (Elnaga and Imran 2013). Better than ever innovation is required for the bundling reason too. This is because of the explanation that, couple of clients have whined about the nature of the bundling of the merchandise. It additionally causes harming of the products in travel. Subsequently, commencement of new innovation in bundling will assist with decreasing the pace of harm in travel just as improving the consumer loyalty. End Having investigated the information being gotten from the ERP arrangement of the association, it tends to be inferred that a comprehensive methodology is required to forestall the current issues in their distribution center. Significant issues being distinguished are the conveyance of wrong items in wrong sums and additional time being devoured in conveying the item. These issues are hence making disappointment among the clients which is prompting increment in the quantity of client protests. In this way, proposals are being given by the issues being distinguished. Powerful usage of the suggestions will assist with upgrading their adequacy of the tasks in the distribution center alongside raising the degree of the consumer loyalty. Reference Accorsi, R., Manzini, R. also, Maranesi, F., 2014. A choice emotionally supportive network for the plan and the board of warehousing frameworks. PCs in Industry, 65(1), pp.175-186. Elnaga, A. furthermore, Imran, A., 2013. The impact of preparing on worker execution. European Journal of Business and Management, 5(4), pp.137-147. Hamberg, R. what's more, Verriet, J., 2012. Mechanization in distribution center turn of events. Springer. HassabElnaby, H.R., Hwang, W. what's more, Vonderembse, M.A., 2012. The effect of ERP execution on authoritative capacities and firm execution. Benchmarking: An International Journal, 19(4/5), pp.618-633. Schniederjans, D. furthermore, Yadav, S., 2013. Effective ERP usage: an integrative model. Business Process Management Journal, 19(2), pp.364-398.

Essay Topics For The Tell Tale Heart

Essay Topics For The Tell Tale HeartThere are a number of writers who recommend essay topics for The Tell Tale Heart. We have already outlined some of these ideas in the article, The Best Essay Topics For The Tell Tale Heart.This is a big issue for many writers. However, there are a number of options that can be explored that will not cost you a fortune. In fact, you might have found yourself an essay topic that is free. Let's take a look at a few of them.Often times, we get this question from writers: 'Isn't it true that you can't sell an essay topic on the Internet?' It is indeed true that these articles are not readily available to the general public. However, if you do find yourself dealing with this situation then there are a number of options you can explore. One of these options is to take the offer of selling your essay topics and create a product around it. You may not be able to put a price on this product, but this should not be a problem.The best way to locate these essay topics is to utilize the Internet. This does not mean that you need to go to the public library. You can look up the Internet or visit a specialist on the Internet who can help you locate the types of essay topics that you are looking for. There are those article directories that you can use as well.A different option is to come up with essays that are related to the types of essay topics that you are seeking. This will be your chance to present a different perspective. Although the writer may think that he or she has given us enough content, this can be a great opportunity to add something new. Do not forget that all the topic choices you have listed in the article directories are available.Sometimes the top questions from readers who are searching for an essay topic is how to write a story. Again, this is an opportunity for you to add a twist or surprise to your content. This can be especially helpful for those that have heard about a particular story but want to research it to s ee how much truth there is to the claim.If you are looking for essay topics that provide a single perspective, you may be interested in writing about two. In this case, you can add a dual perspective as well. This is a great way to present a second point of view without compromising the truth of the main argument.Writing for The Tell Tale Heart does not have to be a chore. There are options to explore when it comes to finding essay topics for the topics you are seeking. This should help you to maximize your opportunities in this regard.

Why Do People Read Books And Watch Movies - 2074 Words

Is the topic of abortion more one that can be answered simply, or is it a issue that is more complex than any other topic today in America? The Cider House Rules, a book by John Irving perfectly demonstrates the conflicting feelings that are felt on abortion. Who is right, the person who is pro-life, the person who is pro-choice? There are all a number of sub-topics to look at while trying to make a decision on whether you’re pro-life, or pro-choice. Abortion is a tough issue to answer because of the biological, and moral situations that come into play. Many of the best literary works have been made into a movie. When the film is created, there becomes a question of which form of entertainment is better, book or movie? A question that is typically not asked, but should be asked, is, â€Å"Why do people read books and watch movies to begin with?†. Maybe the purpose is to escape reality, be a part of a fictional reality, or to take a break from thinking for two hours or even an evening. For either reason, books and movies are a huge pastime for people all around the globe. The Cider House Rules, by John Irving, was one of many books recreated into a movie. This book is set in the early to mid twentieth century and is about an orphanage that illegally performs abortions. It shows how different characters’ develop and their positions on abortion as they journey through life. When it was made into a movie, there was a lack of characters, which contributed to the â€Å"book or movie†Show MoreRelatedThe Insider s Guide On The Value Of Horror Movies And Books1277 Words   |  6 PagesHorror Movies and Books â€Å"How do you people watch this?!?! † and â€Å"Why do everyone in this room have this intense love for horror movies was two phrases that I heard one night at my friend’s house while we watched Jason killed his 3rd victim on Friday the 13th. â€Å"Horror is defined as being a strong aversion mingled with dread† stated by Patrick Johnson in his paper, â€Å"The Importance of Horror†. Just like Graff’s essay on â€Å"Hidden Intellectualism†, there is a hidden value in horror films and books. HorrorRead MoreStephen King Why We Crave Horror Analysis749 Words   |  3 Pagesnormal thing that people do. Did you know that people have been burying their dead for at least 200,000 years. Stephen King says in his article â€Å"Why We Crave Horror†, that we have certain feelings due to the â€Å"human condition†. Stephen King is correct because he states that we as humans crave horror; we watch and read horror to show that we can, to re-establish our feelings of normality, and for us to experience a peculiar sort of fun and experience and adrenaline rush. Humans really do crave horrorRead MoreDifferent Forms Of Entertainment For Many Different Types Of People1144 Words   |  5 PagesThere are many forms of entertainment for many different types of people. The two forms of entertainment that I would like to discuss are books and movies, both of which I love. Though both of these subjects have their differences, they also have similarities. Some of which we do not even think about. The purpose of this essay is not to persuade anyone to like books better than movies or visa versa, (even though my heart belongs to books) but to simply tell about their similarities and differences. Read Morebooks are better than movies1148 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Books ARE so Much Better than Movies! English H 10A 4 October 2013 Gette 1 English H 10A 4Read MoreWhat Is The Adaptation Of The Great Gatsby895 Words   |  4 Pagespaper is to explain differences between movie adaptations, and the book The Great Gatsby. I will examine major differences such as setting, soundtrack, and wardrobe choices. In addition, I will discuss character developments in both the two movie revisions I have chosen, and the book. Furthermore, I plan to explain oxymorons used throughout the plot of the story, and how they were manipulated in films. This is important because many do not understand the deeper meaning of The Great Gatsby because theyRead MoreWhy We Crave Horror Stephen King Analysis838 Words   |  4 PagesWhy do people watch horror movies when they know they are going to experience negative emotions? Why do people want to put themselves through that? Furthermore, Stephen King, an author of many horror books, has his own opinion on this, this referring to people and the need to watch or read horror. He wrote an essay, â€Å"Why We Crave Horror†, that explains why people want to experience those emotions that are a part of the Human Condition. Stephen King rightfully claims that people crave horror to showRead MoreWhy We Crave Horror Stephen King Analysis849 Words   |  4 Pagesindicate that people have a dark side to their personality, it sends a message out saying that, according to Stephen King, people are â€Å" all mentally ill†, ( King, â€Å"Why We Crave Horror† 1). Although, King’s claims can be proved, there are claims that not all people enjoy horror. Therefore, Stephen King’s statement that horror can help humans face fears is accurate, on the other hand, his statement that all people are insane doesn’t relate with all humans nor does everyone think it’s fun to watch horror.Read MoreDifferences Between Harry Potter Book And Movie790 Words   |  4 Pages Many people have watched the magical movies of Harry Potter, but, with the books being longer than the movies, how much magic was lost in translation? To answer this question, I want to go over what the bigger differences are between the films and movies. While the overall plot stayed the same, there were plenty of changes made for the movie adaptation which I believe made the books much better by comparison. One big change that is noticed instantly when watching the movies is the removal of PeevesRead MoreThe Greatest Day Of My Life999 Words   |  4 Pagesthat many find their comfort with movie theatres. Many of these people like to be engulfed by the story of their movie. My escape, however, comes from just being inside the theatre. There is something magical about theatres that keeps bringing me back. The first time I vividly remember going to the movies was when the second Harry Potter movie released. I finally watched the first movie on our brand new DVD player and read the four books that had been released. When the Saturday came to go to the EdwardsRead MoreBooks versus Movies1218 Words   |  5 PagesDarrell gasped, â€Å"How do you know? You haven’t even seen the movie yet?† Jamie smiled, feeling bad for having ruined it for her friend. â€Å"I read the whole series last year.† This is not the first time that Jamie has accidently ruined a movie for her friend Darrell, who never reads. Jamie makes her priority to always read the book before seeing the movies. Although many people would argue that movies show more in-depth to a book and are worth waiting to see instead of reading the book, books are easier to

Prostitution Is Considered The World’S “Oldest Occupation”

Prostitution is considered the world’s â€Å"oldest occupation† in history; and yet, there is little to no work done exploring the lifestyles of prostitutes since it is such a controversial role. However, Pasolini embraced the controversy and produced movies about the day in the life of pimps and prostitutes. He explores the dynamics between pimps, prostitutes, and the rest of civilization whom are not part of this risquà © subculture. He also has the ability to shed a new light on this occupation and the people who run in the same circle with a nostalgia of the way things used to be instead of the way that things are headed. Pasolini shows the life of the prostitutes and pimps in his movies in order to express his disdain and ill- feelings†¦show more content†¦When her pimp allows her to go free, she gathers all the money she saved, moved into a small apartment with her son, and attempts to make a living selling produce. However, her dream is never fully actu alized because Carmine, her pimp, quickly reenters her life and forces her back into prostitution. Her son ended up falling into the wrong crowd and joined a gang (Mamma Roma). Mamma Roma’s main reason for wanted to escape prostitution was her son. She wanted to set a good example for him and she believed that having a normal, average, middle class life was something she was capable of achieving for the two of them. She so desperately wanted this kind of lifestyle, because that was what was expected of her, and it was what seemed stable. The bourgeois ideals have been embedded into her mind and that was all she could dream of. They gave her false hope for a lifestyle that she would never be able to attain. She was in search of something better—something more. However, for a single mother in the 1960’s, this was never going to be anything greater than a dream. Being unmarried and with a child already meant she could not fit into the middle class lifestyle she wan ted. She also already had ties to prostitution, and regardless of any attempt to leave that kind of life behind, it still came back to haunt her. According to Pasolini, her attempt to changeShow MoreRelatedWhat is Prostitution?1838 Words   |  7 Pages According to the 2014 Merriam-Webster dictionary, prostitution is defined as â€Å"the act of having sex in exchange for money† (â€Å"Prostitution†). In the United States, the trafficking of sex sales has been illegal since the early 1900’s, with the exception of the 49th state, Alaska (Head). The trade was deemed unethical by the Women’s Christian Temperance Union, also credited with the ban of drug use and the elimination of alcohol in the 1920’s. Today, in all but two states, the buying and selling ofRead MoreShould Prostitution Be Legal?1057 Words   |  5 Pagesrespect it.† How often have we come across those people who sell their bodies, so-called temples and have been termed as †Å"prostitutes?† Prostitution can be defined as the profession of getting involved in sexual activity with someone and to get paid back in return. Sex and sex-related issues have always been the matter to be hidden, and the civilized people are considered to be not speaking about it at all. Despite the fact, none can escape it our so-called moral ethics don’t allow us to bare our feelingsRead MoreThe Untold Story : Legalization Of Prostitution1308 Words   |  6 PagesThe Untold Story: Legalization of Prostitution The legalization of prostitution is a matter long overdue because it would have a positive impact on the economy, set programs in place to improve quality of life for the victims/workers of the industry, and provide educative resources to bring awareness to the youth about the world’s oldest profession. Not a lot of light is shed on prostitution, let alone the sex industry in a state like Nevada where it is legal in 8 counties nor that up to the lateRead MoreProstitution: Should A Change Be Made? Essay775 Words   |  4 PagesProstitution: Should A Change Be Made? Prostitution is often called the world’s oldest profession. By definition, it is â€Å"the practice or occupation of engaging in sexual activity with someone for payment.† It has been around since the first civilizations of Mesopotamia and isn’t going anywhere. Prostitution is also one of the most controversial topics in todays modern society. There is a wide variety of different pros and cons related to this subject. With these pros and cons come supporters andRead MoreProstitution Should Be Legalized?1072 Words   |  5 PagesProstitution in America Some consider prostitution to be evil, sin incarnated. They believe that the act of fornication with an unknown and unloved person is unholy and should be punishable. They may believe that those who are prostitutes are not human, but instead creatures that have given into their most primal lust. To give into the carnal temptation of sex, and to resolve it through means that are not considered normal, sentences one to eternal damnation. Or so some believe, and I respect theirRead MoreProstitution Is Morally Wrong And Should Be Eradicated From Society1673 Words   |  7 PagesProstitution Prostitution is morally wrong and should be eradicated from society for several different reasons. In prostitution, men remove women s humanity. Buying a woman in prostitution gives men the power to turn women into a living breathing masturbation fantasy. He removes her and those qualities that define her as an individual, and for him she becomes sexualized body parts. She acts the part of the thing he wants her to be. As shocking as these men s observations may sound to thoseRead MoreProstitution Is The World s Oldest Profession Essay1478 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Prostitution is said to be the world’s oldest profession. It is, indeed, a model of all professional work; the worker relinquishes control over himself†¦ in exchange for money. Because of this passivity it entails, this is a difficult and, for many, a distasteful role.† (Szasz) Prostitution is accompanied with criminalization and the stigma of impurity and danger. â€Å"The National Task Force on Prostitution suggests that over one million people in the US have worked as prostitutes (3).† (T oth) ThroughRead MoreLegalizing Prostitution : The Good, The Bad And The Ugly1638 Words   |  7 PagesLegalizing Prostitution: The Good, the Bad and the Ugly Prostitution, as stated by Rudyard Kipling, is considered to be known as â€Å"the world’s oldest profession,† and for good reason. Zac Fanni, a writer for Sabotage Times, wrote a documentary based on the history of prostitution and its origins. The sex-trade began with the Sumerians, who, in ancient times, worshiped Ishtar, the goddess of love and war. They believed that every morning she was â€Å"born anew as a maiden,† and every day the sky fellRead MoreProstitution : A Dangerous And Degrading Profession1209 Words   |  5 PagesThe topic of prostitution has been widely debated across history. While many see working as a prostitute as a viable career option and a right that all legal consenting adults should have, many other see it as a dangerous and degrading profession that creates both a sexualized and crime-breeding environment. The governments of Scotland, the United Kingdom, and the United States have all generally taken stances that address prostitut ion in strict manner. While the approaches by which the US, the UKRead MoreThe World s Oldest Profession2281 Words   |  10 PagesThe World’s Oldest Profession   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Prostitution is considered to be one of the world’s oldest professions. Prostitution is the occupation of engaging in sexual activity with someone for payment. Humans have been exchanging sex and money for thousands of years and it is something that persists today. In SuperFreakonomics Steven Levitt and Stephen Dubner explain that prostitution emerged due to the sexual desire of men. Men wanted more sex than they were able to receive for free. This created a

Women s Rights During The Civil War - 1628 Words

Women Getting the Right to Vote â€Å"While the word suffrage, derived from the Latin â€Å"Suffragium,† simply refers to the right to vote, the modern connotation specifically calls to mind the women’s suffrage movements of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Part of the larger social movement of Women’s Rights and the fight for equality within patriarchal societies , the Women’s Suffrage Movement in the United States spans a seventy-two year period† (Dolton 31)The campaign for women’s suffrage began in the decades before the Civil War. During the 1820s and 30s, most states had extended the franchise to all white men, regardless of how much money or property they had. During this same time, many reform groups across the United States–temperance†¦show more content†¦The women’s suffrage movement (aka woman suffrage) was the struggle for the right of women to vote and run for office and is part of the overall women’s rights movement. In the mid-19th century, women in several countries—most notably, the U.S. and Britain—formed organizations to fight for suffrage. During the 1850s, the women’s rights movement gathered steam, but lost momentum when the Civil War began. â€Å"With several others they called the first women;s rights convention in the United States in 1848 at Seneca Falls, N.Y. Stanton insisted that a suffrage clause be included in the bill of rights for women that was drawn up at the convention† (â€Å"Elizabeth Cady Stanton†). Almost immediately after the war ended, the 14th and 15th Amendments to the Constitution raised familiar questions of suffrage and citizenship. (The 14th Amendment cites that Constitution’s protection to all citizens–and defines â€Å"citizens† as â€Å"male†). Some woman-suffrage advocates, among them Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony believed that this was their chance for them to push lawmakers for a truly universal suffrage. As a result, they refused to support the 15th Amendment and even allied with racist Southerners who argued that white women’s votes could be used to neutralize those cast by African-Americans. â€Å"In 1869 Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony formed the National Woman Suffrage Association (NWSA)†

Battle of waterloo free essay sample

The Battle of Waterloo was fought thirteen kilometres south of Brussels between the French, under the command of Napoleon Bonaparte, and the Allied armies commanded by the Duke of Wellington from Britain and General Blucher from Prussia. The French defeat at Waterloo drew to a close 23 years of war beginning with the French Revolutionary wars in 1792 and continuing with the Napoleonic Wars from 1803. There was a brief eleven-month respite when Napoleon was forced to abdicate, exiled to the island of Elba. However, the unpopularity of Louis XVIII and the economic and social instability of France motivated him to return to Paris in March 1815. The Allies soon declared war once again. Napoleons final defeat at Waterloo marked the end of the Emperors final bid for power, the so-called 100 Days, and the final chapter in his remarkable career. The Protagonists Napoleon Bonaparte had always been driven by his desire to make France a European empire and was an experienced warlord and leader. He had carried out a coup against the government of the First Republic of France (the Directory) in 1799 and established himself as ruler and First Consul, eventually to declare himself First Consul for life and Emperor in 1804. In 1802 the French Republic was officially ecognised and the Peace of Amiens signed. Napoleon had higher ambitions and pursued his desire to make France the most powerful country in Europe by conquering other countries including Britain. In 1803, Britain declared war on France and the ensuing Napoleonic Wars were fought between France and various Allied coalitions over the next 1 1 years. The Allies successfully invaded in 1814 and forced Napoleon to abdicate at the Treaty of Fontainbleau. The European powers were meeting in Vienna to re-establish the territorial balance in Europe when news came of Napoleons escape from Elba on 1st March 181 5 and is re-entry into Paris on 20th March. The powers immediately renewed their declaration of war on Napoleon and the 7th Coalition between Britain, Austria, Prussia and Russia was formed on 25th March. They began assembling their troops in readiness for war, intending to attack along the French borders and march on Paris from different directions with enough strength to crush the French. In the event, only the armies of Wellington and Blucher were in place in Belgium. The Austrians and Russians arrived after Napoleon had been defeated. The Allied army under the Duke of Wellington was a coalition of British, Dutch, Belgian and German oldiers. Napoleon described Britain as the most powerful and most constant of my enemies. Arthur Wellesley, Duke of Wellington, had never been beaten by the French and had a reputation as a talented coalition general. He came to prominence in India and then successfully directed the Peninsular Campaign of 1811 when the British went to support Portugal and Spain against Napoleon. He was made a duke at the end of that war and appointed ambassador to the restored Bourbon court in 1814. Gebhard Leberecht von Blucher was the commander of the Prussian army. He was 72 at the time ot the Battle ot Waterloo and he only man to nave beaten Napoleon more than once. Age and experience meant that Blucher was less afraid of Napoleon than any other commander. His self-confidence and career record had a positive effect on his army, helping to keep morale amongst the Prussians high. Strategies After his return to France, Napoleon developed his strategy to defeat the Allies. He re-established himself in Paris and began building up his army in preparation for an invasion of Belgium, his goal was to capture Brussels. His battle plan was to mount an offensive attack on the Allied troops gathering in Belgium and to destroy them. In order to do this he wanted to divide the armies before defeating them separately, forcing Wellingtons army to retreat back to the Belgian coast in the west and the Prussians to retreat to the east. With speed he deployed his army along the French border and centred his headquarters at Beaumont Just across the border from Belgium. He was ready to attack on 15th June 1815. In order to separate Wellington and Bluchers troops, Napoleon ordered Marshal Ney to advance on Quatre-Bras, a crossroads on the roads between Brussels and Charleroi and Nivelles and Namur. Allied Dutch-Belgium troops under Prince William of Orange were already positioned around the area and succeeded in holding off the French attack until reinforcements arrived. They continued to hold their ground, resulting in stalemate on 16th June. The result may have been a coincidence of timing. Had Marshal Ney attacked Quatre-Bras earlier the outcome could have been very different as, until the reinforcements arrived, the French army greatly outnumbered the Allies and their chances of victory were good. If the Allies had been defeated, they may have retreated completely rather than regrouping at Mont St Jean, a few kilometres north of Quatre-Bras. Wellington admitted surprise at the direction of the French attack; Napoleon has humbugged me, he declared. At Ligny, the Prussian army occupied strongholds of walled gardens, stone houses and farmhouses and lined up on the forward slope of the Ligny Brook with the right guarding the villages of St Armand and St Armand Haye. Heavvy fghting ensued with casualties on both sides, but the Prussians were forced to commit more and more troops. Although the French were victorious, they failed to totally destroy the Prussian army. They were able to retreat, albeit with numerous injured and dead, north to Wavre (about 18 kilometres east of Waterloo) Napoleon had succeeded in his aim of keeping the two Allied armies apart but mistakenly believed the Prussians were defeated. He was confident that Wellington could also be defeated. Preparing for battle On the morning of 18th June 181 5, Wellington was occupying the ridge of Mont St Jean, Just south of Waterloo, and Napoleon that of La Belle Alliance across the valley. The corps were divided into three under the commands of Lord Hill, Prince William of Orange and Sir Thomas Picton. Wellington was short of well-trained infantry and the cavalry were inexperienced, but he believed in the use of carefully deployed firepower. They had some 156 cannon and the standard gun for the infantry, a smoothbore mus et k titted with a bayonet on a socket over the barrel ot a gun Observing that his troops were outnumbered by the French, Wellington decided that his best plan was to stand firm until the Prussians could come to his aid.

Invisible Man Essays (968 words) - Invisibility In Fiction

Invisible Man The Invisible Man, by H.G. Wells, is composed of many small themes that combined to form two major themes in the novel. Some of the minor themes are acting before thinking and denial of unexplainable events. It is based on the two major themes of science experiments gone wrong and the ignorance of society. The most important theme in the novel was the experiment that Griffin, the invisible man, was working and it was not going exactly as planned. The way that the experiment went bad was not by accident; instead it was Griffin who had made the mistake of turning himself invisible. The reason that the invisible man had for becoming invisible was that he was suspected as to be a vivesectionalist and he did not want to be punished for it. The reason for the final decision of becoming invisible was that Griffin thought there were many advantages. He finds out after becoming invisible that the whole thing was not thought through enough and being invisible had many more disadvantages than what he was expecting. This was an example of Griffin acting upon something before adding up all of the consequences of his actions. If he would have thought the process through Griffin would have, at least, made things invisible so he could use them and still be disguised. For instance he could have made some clothes invisible and even some common supplies that could have been handy along his travels. Griffin did not realize how many disadvantages his invisibility had until it was too late. After becoming invisible Griffin realized that he could not sneak around people very easy and people still knew he was around even though they could not see him. The people could see his footprints and see him if he became dirty. Another thing that Griffin did not realize before his experiment back fired was that he could not eat if he wanted to stay invisible. The people around him could see the food inside his stomach, until his body absorbed it. The experiment that Griffin went through was his own fault and also sealed his own fate. The major problem with his invisibility was that Griffin was not able to keep or have any friends. His only contact was after he was all bandaged up and looked as though he had been in a bad accident. Without any human contact or support Griffin was destined to become crazy. In the ending chapters of the novel it is obvious that Griffin has lost his mind and is completely insane. Not wanton killing, but a judicious slaying. The point is, they know there is an Invisible Man -- as well as we know there is an Invisible Man. And that Invisible Man, Kemp, must now establish a Reign of Terror.'? (Pg. 114) The previous quote was taken as the invisible man was talking to Kemp about his plans of judicial killing. This proves that Griffin has gone completely insane and it is his way of getting back at society for excluding him. He does not realize that if he had never made himself invisible nothing like this would be happening. Everything that has gone wrong was because of his experimentation with invisibility. The second most important theme is societies ignorance, contributed to the invisible man's fate. Society is always afraid of things that they do not understand or cannot explain. The reason they were so afraid of the invisible man was the fact that nobody could explain why he was invisible. The people of the town did not even give the man time to explain what had happened to him; everyone just started to chase him down. I believe that if the people would have been more open minded about his invisibility that the man might not have become crazy and killed in the end. Society cannot deal with things that cannot be explained as they are used to hearing them. There was skepticism even after the man vanished and there were witnesses to it. ?Scepticism suddenly reared its head -- rather nervous scepticism, not at all assured of its back, but scepticism nevertheless. It is so much easier not to believe in an invisible man;

Araby essays

Araby essays After a close examination of the short story Araby by James Joyce, several instances of religious symbolism seem to be intertwined throughout the story. The story unfolds from the viewpoint of a young child while simultaneously raising moral questions representative of a much more mature Joyce. This enlightened perspective allows for some very intricate examples of symbolism. Although the symbolism can be observed on two very different levels, the primary goal of this essay shall be to explore the symbolism as seen through the eyes of Joyce as an adult. This symbolism is painted with religious overtones that evidently stem from Joyces adolescence. Through the use of symbolism, James Joyce raises many questions concerning his childhood, while also telling the story of a young boys journey from romance to despair and disillusionment brought about by a young girls unintentional taunts. Araby, in its simplest form is the story of a young boys first experience concerning infatuation with the opposite sex. Although, lurking under this inconspicuous facade are questions that plagued Joyce throughout his life. These questions primarily concern Joyces rearing in Catholicism and the beliefs the church encouraged in opposition to his true feelings. This moral dilemma is expressed through symbolism that occurs in several interactions between the storys central character and the world around him. In the opening line of the story, Joyce describes the street he lives on as being blind(Vesterman 7). This lack of sight indicates that the street is a dead end. He goes on to describe the houses occupying its sides as gazed(ing) at one another with brown imperturbable faces(Vesterman 7). These houses reflect the attitudes of their inhabitants, who seem satisfied and content with their lives. The unchanging people seem as though they are strictly catholic and extremely ...

Case study (enron case) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Case study (enron case) - Essay Example These should be in the form of compliance officers or corporate ethical committees that oversee the ethical conduct in the company. Portraying myself in the role of the fictional executive, I find that I face a dilemma in terms of whether I should report the instance of unethical behavior or keep it to myself. Considering the fact that I came across a conversation between senior executives regarding unethical behavior, I have to face up to the fact that I need to take a stand on whether I betray their confidence and blow the whistle or keep quiet and let the other employees of the company suffer along with the shareholders. This dilemma is compounded by the fact that I know for certain that unethical business practices are being followed at the very top and that I cannot remain mute and at the same time, I do not have the right channels to report the behavior. In this paper, I discuss the course of action that I should undertake with reference to various theories of moral behavior as well as provide explanations for the scenarios of whether I should report and why and whether I should not report and why. There are issues of conflict of interest in both the scenarios. If I chose not to blow the whistle, I might be doing so because I stand to benefit from the stock options that have been offered to me. If I chose to disclose, I might end up comprising my fellow executives as well as my own position in the process. Of course, the conflict of interest in not blowing the whistle is greater than the other scenario. With regards to Kantian moral theory, the best course of action would be to blow the whistle on the wrong doing that is going on in the company. Kantian theory states that one should do the right thing irrespective of the consequences. Hence, the right thing to do in this case would be to complain either to the top management

Selection - A Function Within HR Research Paper

Selection - A Function Within HR - Research Paper Example Companies at times may bear huge cost by making a wrong hire decision. It is through good selection methods organisations can restrain their hiring decision. Good selection method also prevents the organisation from making wrong investment and therefore provides the organisation confidence regarding the fact that they are making the correct hiring decisions. The most significant point to consider is that organisations need to pay due consideration towards their main objectives when hiring the candidates. It is through best practices in the process of selection that can enhance the efficiency of the organisation (Hudson Highland Group, 2011). Selection is not only concerned regarding the choice of the right person at the right place but also it aims at maintaining and enhancing the performance thereby improving the rate of retention of the employees and increasing job satisfaction. For the purpose of achieving these objectives, the managers who are responsible for hiring the candidate s are confronted with the candidates possessing numerous characteristics and competencies. It is the duty of the hiring manager to decide the use of the tool that can be used for the selection process in order to reach to the best possible examination of the various candidates. Therefore, it becomes significant to consider the reliability of the selected instrument so that a robust outcome of the selection procedure can be guaranteed. Selection tools predictive validity needs to be paid due attention so that there is best possible forecast of the success of new hires (Hudson Highland Group, 2011). Best Thing to Do To Make Selection Work Selection can be identified as the procedure through which individuals possessing the correct qualification are chosen in order to fill the vacant position of the organisation (Mathis & Jackson, 2010). Selection of candidate for a particular designation signifies hiring a person who can be a contributing factor in the achievement of goals of the orga nization. Whatever be the designations, it is quite significant for the organisation to implement the similar standards of selection so that the effectiveness is enhanced. The companies need to employ best practice selection methodology in order to ensure that the candidate selected is fully profiled and therefore matched with the assignment criteria in terms of functional skills, personal attributes and attitudes, organizational culture and sector experience among others. In order to make selection work, it is quite significant for the companies to make extensive and appropriate use of the database search. The database needs to be of high quality and needs to be updated on a continuous basis. The companies need to focus on quality rather than quantity of candidates. Offering proper training to the line managers or selection team who are involved in the process of recruitment can also aid them in conducting the selection of the candidate as per the set objectives (Daltons Kingswell, 2005). It is to be remembered that a good selection process is one which does not involve any kind of illegal unfairness in the context of gender, disability, age, sexual orientation, race and religion or belief. It is also significant for the selection team to keep themselves updated with the changes in the labour market (Acas, n.d.). Selection Based on Job Analysis Selection is the procedure of choosing the applicant from a

Harvard Business School Essay Example for Free

Harvard Business School Essay August 8, 1995 had taken an unexpected turn for Netscape Communications Corporation’s board of directors. Earlier that morning, the day before the company’s scheduled initial public offering (IPO), Netscape’s lead underwriters proposed to the board a 100% increase in the original offering price from $14 to $28 per share. This recommendation came in response to the remarkable oversubscription for Netscape’s shares, which had already prompted the underwriters to increase the number of shares to be offered from 3.5 million to 5 million. Under the current proposal, a company with a net book value of just over $16 million that had yet to turn a profit, was suddenly valued at over billion. The Board faced a pricing dilemma within the context of an extremely unpredictable industry. While its members wanted to be responsive to Wall Street’s current zeal, they also wanted to make sure that the fundamentals of Netscape justified such a dramatic increase in valuation. Netscape Communications Founded in April 1994, Netscape Communications Corporation provided a comprehensive line of client, server, and integrated applications software  for communications and commerce on the Internet and private Internet Protocol (IP) networks. These products enabled the growing network of servers on the World Wide Web to communicate through multimedia, including graphics, video and sound. Designed with enhanced security code, these software products provided the confidentiality required to execute financial transactions and to sell advertisements on the Internet and private IP networks. The company’s most popular product, Netscape Navigator, was the leading client software program that allowed individual personal computer (PC) users to exchange information and conduct commerce on the Internet. Navigator featured a click-and-point graphical user interface that enabled users to navigate the Internet by manipulating icons and windows rather than by using text commands. With the user-friendly interface as a guide, Navigator offered a variety of Internet functions including Web browsing, file transfers, news group communications, and e-mail. Initially shipped in December 1994, Netscape Navigator generated 49% and 65% of total revenues for the quarters ended March 31, 1995, and June 30, 1995, respectively. Netscape’s server software provided enterprises with the basic capabilities necessary for creating and operating Web server â€Å"sites,† or places on the Web which browsers could visit. Research Associate Kendall H. Backstrand wrote this case under the supervision of Professor W. Carl Kester as the basis for class discussion rather than to illustrate either effective or ineffective handling of an administrative situation. Copyright  © 1996 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College. To order copies or request permission to reproduce materials, call 1-800-545-7685 or write Harvard Business School Publishing, Boston, MA 02163. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, used in a spreadsheet, or transmitted in any form or by any means—electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise—without the permission of Harvard Business School. Incorporating both browser and server functions, the company’s integrated applications software programs were designed to provide enterprises with the capability to manage large-scale commercial sites on the Internet. Such applications enabled these enterprises to conduct full-scale electronic commerce through a seamless system. Together, server and integrated applications software accounted for 36% of total revenues in the first quarter of 1995, and 28% of total revenues in the second. Of these revenues, the majority were generated by one of Netscape’s three server products, Netscape Commerce Server .1 Revenues from Netscape’s server and integrated applications products were expected to increase as a percentage of overall revenues in the future. In addition to product revenues, Netscape generated service revenues, which were attributable to fees from consulting, maintenance, and support services. These revenues amounted to approximately 5% and 7% of total revenues for the quarters ended March 31, 1995 and June 30, 1995, respectively. Financial Performance Netscape had incurred total losses of $4.3 million on total revenues of $16.6 million for its first two operating quarters ended June 30, 1995. The company expected to continue to operate at a loss for the foreseeable future. Exhibits 1 and 2 provide Netscape’s financial statements since its incorporation in April 1994. Operating activities for the six months ended June 30, 1995 had generated $7.3 million in cash. Cash flows from financing activities of $20.5 million were primarily attributable to the net proceeds of $17.3 million from the issuance of Series C Preferred Stock and borrowings of $2.2 million under a debt facility agreement. Cash used in investment activities of $22.1 million related to $16.6 in short-term investments and $5 million in capital expenditures. At the end of the second quarter of 1995, Netscape’s principal sources of liquidity were $8.9 million in cash and the $16.6 million in shortterm investments. The company expected total capital expenditures for 1995 of approximately $12 million. Industry Background The demand for Netscape’s products had evolved out of the development of the Internet in the late 1960s. The Internet was a global network designed to facilitate communication between some 35,000 computer networks using the enabling code termed Internet Protocol. According to International Data Corporation (IDC), in mid-1995 there were approximately 57 million Internet users. Of those 57 million users, IDC estimated that approximately 8 million were accessing information on the World Wide Web. Engineered in the early 1990s, the Web was a technology that linked one bit of information on the Internet with another so that users could share â€Å"webs† of ideas. The Web consisted of a network of Web servers that posted information in a common format described by the Hypertext Markup Language (â€Å"HTML†). Internet users were able to access information on the Web by implementing the appropriate Hypertext Transfer Protocol (â€Å"HTTP†). Because it necessitated complex coding, the Web had remained largely undiscovered by nontechnical users who simply wanted to browse, a popular pastime which came to be dubbed â€Å"surfing the Net.† 1Bundled packages of Netscape Navigator and Netscape Commerce Server accounted for about 10% of total revenues in the first quarter, while its contribution in the second quarter was immaterial. 2 Netscapes Initial Public Offering Netscape’s Entrance Meanwhile at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, a group of computer science students working at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA) developed the graphical software program that gave rise to the notion of â€Å"surfing.† Named NCSA Mosaic, the software program enabled nontechnical users to access and retrieve information on the Web. The Mosaic code organized Web information into neat collections of graphical electronic menus on which users could simply click-and-point to browse their contents. In April 1993, the founders of Mosaic, under the leadership of then senior Marc Andreessen, began distributing the software for free to anyone who had the technical means to fetch it electronically. The superb results of this strategy—two million Mosaic users within one year—made for more than cocktail conversation among high-tech gurus in California’s Silicon Valley. Jim Clark, the founder of Silicon Graphics, Inc. (known for its workstations that turned data into 3-D computer images), was among those who were impressed not only by Mosaic itself but by the broader vision of its creator, Andreessen. After hearing that Andreessen had moved to Silicon Valley in early 1994, Clark sent him an email asking if they might meet to discuss the future of  Mosaic. This exchange and subsequent discussions formed the launching pad for Mosaic Communications, which was shortly renamed Netscape Communications Corporation. In addition to dropping the Mosaic name, Netscape paid Spyglass (the company that had engaged in an exclusive licensing arrangement with the University of Illinois) a one-time $2.4 million fee for the rights to certain Mosaic code. With the original code, Clark’s management experience and $3 million in seed money, and Andreessen’s vision and technical expertise, Netscape made its entrance into the highly dynamic Internet market.

My Day in Africa Essay -- Descriptive Essay Examples

My day in Africa was one I'll not soon forget. I toured two major cities of Morocco-land of mystery, enticement, and enchantment. I was expecting belly dancers, snake charmers, and many exotic sights filled with color and intricate decoration. While I did see some of what I expected, the majority of what I saw was totally unexpected and will haunt me forever. As I boarded the ship that was to take me across the Mediterranean Sea to the northern shores of Morocco, I felt an array of mixed emotions. Mainly, I was excited. After all, I was only 13 and about to become "tricontinental." The previous five days I had spent in sunny Spain, and now I was to travel to Africa for one day. Besides excited, I also felt deeply intrigued and mystified. Moroccans practice the Muslim religion, and Arabic is one of their main languages. This may seem a bit prejudiced, but as I took my seat in the boat, the song "Arabian Nights" was playing over and over in my mind. However, I was dressed very conservatively so as not to offend anybody. The boat ride took only about 45 minutes. After we had docked and debarked the ship, we were led straight to a bus. My first glimpse of Africa wasn't too exciting, since it was just pretty much like Andalucia, the southern region of Spain. It was a little warmer here, though, being so close to the equator. We rode for a while and then stopped to have our passports checked in a city owned by Spain. This is when I had my first "real" glimpse of Morocco. There was trash strewn all over alongside the old, cracked pavement of the road. Natives attending to their business stopped for a moment to stare at the tour bus that held so many foreigners. Of course, they could scarcely see us because of the tinted ... ...ed fezzes, which he sold for 2000 pesetas, or about 10 dollars. I said, "No, thank you." The man replied, "Oh, you buy from in store but don't buy from the street, eh?" I honestly didn't know what to say, so I just said, "I'm sorry." His reply was, "I bet." I just kept on walking, feeling very guilty. But as it turned out, he gave my mom a 1000 peseta discount, so she bought three of the hats. As I boarded the bus, I felt relieved to be leaving Morocco behind me. But then I looked back at all the people, some of them children, and thought how difficult it must be to have to go through hardships every single day, hardships worse than anything we modern Americans have ever endured. I was leaving Morocco, but these people had no way out. Even today, the sights and sounds of its cities still haunt me. I suppose those memories always will. Â   My Day in Africa Essay -- Descriptive Essay Examples My day in Africa was one I'll not soon forget. I toured two major cities of Morocco-land of mystery, enticement, and enchantment. I was expecting belly dancers, snake charmers, and many exotic sights filled with color and intricate decoration. While I did see some of what I expected, the majority of what I saw was totally unexpected and will haunt me forever. As I boarded the ship that was to take me across the Mediterranean Sea to the northern shores of Morocco, I felt an array of mixed emotions. Mainly, I was excited. After all, I was only 13 and about to become "tricontinental." The previous five days I had spent in sunny Spain, and now I was to travel to Africa for one day. Besides excited, I also felt deeply intrigued and mystified. Moroccans practice the Muslim religion, and Arabic is one of their main languages. This may seem a bit prejudiced, but as I took my seat in the boat, the song "Arabian Nights" was playing over and over in my mind. However, I was dressed very conservatively so as not to offend anybody. The boat ride took only about 45 minutes. After we had docked and debarked the ship, we were led straight to a bus. My first glimpse of Africa wasn't too exciting, since it was just pretty much like Andalucia, the southern region of Spain. It was a little warmer here, though, being so close to the equator. We rode for a while and then stopped to have our passports checked in a city owned by Spain. This is when I had my first "real" glimpse of Morocco. There was trash strewn all over alongside the old, cracked pavement of the road. Natives attending to their business stopped for a moment to stare at the tour bus that held so many foreigners. Of course, they could scarcely see us because of the tinted ... ...ed fezzes, which he sold for 2000 pesetas, or about 10 dollars. I said, "No, thank you." The man replied, "Oh, you buy from in store but don't buy from the street, eh?" I honestly didn't know what to say, so I just said, "I'm sorry." His reply was, "I bet." I just kept on walking, feeling very guilty. But as it turned out, he gave my mom a 1000 peseta discount, so she bought three of the hats. As I boarded the bus, I felt relieved to be leaving Morocco behind me. But then I looked back at all the people, some of them children, and thought how difficult it must be to have to go through hardships every single day, hardships worse than anything we modern Americans have ever endured. I was leaving Morocco, but these people had no way out. Even today, the sights and sounds of its cities still haunt me. I suppose those memories always will. Â  

Case Analysis of Andrea Yates

Nathan Merrill XXJUN2012 PS208 Case Analysis of Andrea Yates After close review and careful analysis of the case of Andrea Yates and the circumstances which led to the drowning death and murder of her five children, I first would like to state my personal opinion on the conclusion of the case which was the majority consensus at the time of her trial and sentencing.She was guilty of a horrible murder and although certainly had mental problems, which is apparent by her actions that most completely rational thinking human being and mother would be incapable of committing, and expertly used an insanity plea to lessen the sanctions that should have and inevitably would have been brought upon her. The major dilemma in this entire case was not based upon whether Andrea Yates had or had not committed the crime of murder five times over on her own flesh and blood or even if she was mentally sick.The defining line in this case is the interpretation by which we judge insanity and the scale by which we way the accuracy if someone convicted of a crime and pleads insanity was actually aware that the crime they committed was a wrong doing. The interpretations are subject to base line analysis which has changed over time since its inception on how we decide if a person is mentally capable of knowing their actions and thus should be held responsible for those actions to the farthest extent of the law.Basically this case comes down to if Yates knew her actions were wrong and if she made the conscious decision to murder her children, which in my personal opinion is a resounding yes. I would not argue the fact that Yates is mentally ill but the this cased seemed to revolve around the fact of if she comes up with a good enough reason to commit such a horrible crime then it can appear that she honestly thought by her actions she was protecting her children. The circumstances based on religion become confusing but could also be the result of a masterfully constructed defense.Granted , a life in a mental institution would be no walk in the park or even enjoyable but far less intrusive than death itself or a life in the general population of penitentiary living. My conclusion is that yes, Yates is sick, but I feel a strong possibility of her understanding the wrongness of her actions to the rest of society but in her opinion acted in the greater good based on religiously psychotic feeling of heaven and hell which was a foundation of making a decision to take her children’s lives while understanding it was wrong and should have been dealt with by a swifter and stronger hand of justice.My opinion aside this is the conclusion and information brought forth by unbiased research as to the case and analysis of Yates. Only one of a twelve mental health experts who testified concluded that the Yates was legally sane when she drowned her five children in the family bathtub. The witness, called by prosecutors, was Park Dietz, a forensic psychiatrist and the prosecuto rs' only mental health expert, Dietz and his testimony helped convict Yates. The conviction later was overturned. When Yates is retried, much of the attention again was on Dietz, who is back on the prosecution's witness list.And now, there are questions about Dietz's conclusions in the Yates case because of his testimony in another trial involving a Texas mother who killed two of her children. Questions have added intrigue to a case in which prosecutors' initial decision to seek the death penalty ignited a national debate over how mental illness and postpartum depression are viewed in criminal courts. The Yates case now has become a symbol of the influence that expert witnesses hold in trials in our country each day, and a test of how psychiatrists' opinions are used in court.The standards judges use in deciding whether to admit psychiatric opinions in court are less precise than those used to allow testimony about scientific evidence that is more obviously measurable, such as DNA o r fingerprints. George Parnham, who was Yates' lead attorney, said the defense hopes to raise doubts about Dietz's analysis of Yates. The defense, Parnham said, was to focus on why Dietz found Yates to be sane and therefore legally responsible for her actions and also why he came to the opposite conclusion in 2004 in a similar case involving Deanna Laney, a Texas mother who killed two of her sons.Kaylynn Williford, who was a Harris County prosecutor, said Dietz's analysis in other cases is not relevant to the Yates case. She says she will ask the judge to limit Dietz's testimony to his analysis of Yates. If convicted, Yates was facing life in prison, but not execution. That issue was settled at her first trial, when the jury rejected execution. Texas law defines insanity as the inability to know right from wrong. At Yates' trial, Dietz testified that Yates knew that drowning her children was wrong. Jurors agreed with Dietz's opinion and rejected her insanity defense.A key difference in the Yates case from other similar cases was that she didn’t state that she attacked her sons at God's direction. Yates had told Dietz that she had drowned her children — Noah, 7; John, 5; Paul, 3; Luke, 2; and Mary, 6 months — at the direction of Satan, according to the trial transcript. She also told Dietz she thought it was wrong. Although Yates readily confessed to what she had done, and the crimes were committed in less than an hour, what led up to her killing her children had been building for almost two years she had said.Odd family dynamics, fundamentalist religious beliefs, clinical care that was fragmented at best, and the quirks and inadequacies of the American medical-insurance system all had some role in the Yates' family tragedy. The case also highlighted the lack of recognition of the potentially deadly consequences of postnatal disorders, and the limitations of the justice system in dealing with individuals who are mentally ill. Andrea Yates b egan to show signs of mental illness shortly after the birth of her first child, when she had a hallucination that involved a stabbing.After the birth of her fourth child, she attempted suicide by taking an overdose of sedatives. She was taken to hospital, but was eventually discharged before her symptoms were resolved because her insurance company limited the number of days of inpatient care it would pay for. She was prescribed antidepressants, but did not take them. In a second suicide attempt, she held a knife against her throat and began to mutilate herself and heard voices that told her to â€Å"get a knife†.When she became near catatonic, doctors suggested electroconvulsive therapy, but the family rejected this option. Finally, she received a drug cocktail containing an antipsychotic agent. The medication was apparently effective, but Andrea believed she had been given â€Å"truth serum†, which caused her to lose control of herself. Despite a psychiatrist's warni ng that having another child would more than likely provoke another psychotic episode, the Yates had a fifth child.The implication was that Andrea had got the idea for her actions from the television program. However, no such episode had ever aired. This was the false testimony, a mistake Dietz acknowledged, on which the case was eventually overturned and a new trial granted. Rusty Yates, Andrea’s husband, divorced his wife and remarried. Andrea's commitment to a state mental institution is subject to court supervision and is reviewed periodically but chances are she will remain in a mental hospital for the rest of her life.Several professional communities have used Andrea's case to try to prevent a similar tragedy from occurring. The Mental Health Association of Greater Houston established the Yates Children Memorial Fund to educate the public about issues affecting women's mental health after birth and the effect of post pardum depression and disorders. In 2003, the Texas s tate legislature passed the Andrea Yates Bill. The bill requires all providers of prenatal care to give new mothers information about resources available to help them with postnatal depression.

Concepts of Cybernetics in conjunction with management - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 1998 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Every day we solve the problem or try to solve them. Both at work and at home. More and more problems. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Concepts of Cybernetics in conjunction with management" essay for you Create order Starting on the evening of rest and ending with how to find housing. And thats just the problems that we know who lie on the surface. And how many hidden, invisible problems? And unfortunately, the problems are not solved in isolation. For this we have to communicate, to join the organization. And if there are organizations, it means there is someone who is trying to coordinate and give the organization integrity. Then, the organization has come their problems, which also must be addressed. All this becomes too complicated. And begins to simplify the requirements. And here enters the game management cybernetics. What kind of science of cybernetics? Initially, the founder of cybernetics as a science is Norbert Wiener. In what major additions and improvements to cybernetics introduced Stafford Beer. Stafford Beer believed that cybernetics is the science of management and communication. Since cybernetics originated, of course, she has come a long way from its beginnings to the establ ishment of some basic concepts and ideas which are now fundamental. But today, as never before, with the development of information systems and technology raises the question:  «Is it possible to management cybernetics and its advantages, if any? » The main idea is how to correctly use the basic methodology as applied to information systems design and when it is worth doing. The correct answer and the prioritization of this issue may help to consider and improve science management to a fundamentally new and qualitatively. This is a relatively new science of its inception, but has already achieved significant results in organizations and tutoring services as commercial and noncommercial. Currently, management cybernetics developed and applied in large multinational companies in the private sector in policy -making bodies, professionally and personal life. Management cybernetics allows the head to look at the problem from a completely different look, and thus create an o pportunity for organizations create a certain immune response to the difficulties in the world. Below I will try to explain the nucleation management cybernetics and the basic bonuses and ideas its use in modern business and the tasks that need to solve management problems. Cybernetics in IS management Before considering such a thing as management cybernetics, I would like to depart from established definitions and give your view on this term, and subsequently find out what is cybernetics. Lets try to look more deeply into the definition and see its meaning. There are many definitions of cybernetics, one of the most common sounds in this way:  «Science the basis of governance.  » From my point of view, more easily and capacitance definition might sound like this: Cybernetics is the science that seeks to know the deep essence of natural phenomena, describe them more precise language, to formalize and make more effective methods of control. You could say that is some ÃÆ'‘ cybernetics common base, the theory of management in nature, society, social systems. One of the problems of cybernetics, Norbert Veer has stated, is the problem of optimal control of complex dynamic systems. If you think, we live in a world of complex dynamic systems. Hence cybernet ics can give us the answer how to correctly and efficiently build their relations in management issues and the relationship with the outside world. Currently, cybernetics can be divided into two large sections: theoretical and practical. Theoretical Cybernetics its aim is to study general fundamental laws and principles that govern the management of facilities of any nature. Applied cybernetics is in turn divided into three major areas: Biological Cybernetics ( control in living organisms ) Technical Cybernetics ( management of technical systems ) Economic cybernetics ( control in society ) Economic cybernetics, as the area of ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¹ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¹application techniques and methodologies to problems of economic cybernetics solves the problem of improving governance. Its main purpose is to study the production as a whole organism in order to determine the fundamental laws and principles, which in turn govern economic processes and phenomena, the formation methods of targeting economic processes, development of specific systems of economic planning and management that would help solve problems arising in the management and business planning. At the moment we came close to the concept of management cybernetics. I see this concept as part of cybernetics which uses the methods and achievements of cybernetics as a methodological, theoretical and technical basis for the decision to form a break. We can say that one of the probable causes of management cybernetics, from my point of view, is the fact that cybernetics has facilitated the establishment of quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the relationship of individual events, and management efficiency, mainly through the modeling of economic processes and the use of economic-mathematical methods to optimize management and decision-making. Modeling system, which offered management cybernetics, to some extent to assess the state of productio n, which can be achieved provided that the management decisions and that in turn will more clearly provide immediate results and effectiveness of management actions. This is one of the fundamental capacities to assess the quality of a company, organization, understanding at what stage of life the company is using the management cybernetics. Cybernetics just need and it is important to use in the management, because cybernetics ideas and approaches expanded the boundaries of management decision theory, which is developing a system possible outcomes in different situations, when the state and behavior of the managed object is well known, but when there is little data to determine the probability results in the implementation of decisions and, accordingly, there is a percentage of risk in achieving the desired result. Or in situations where there are no reliable data to assess the state of the object management and its ability to respond to these or other management decisions under unc ertainty, which is commonplace in our world of management. Thus using cybernetics in management there is a possibility to increase performance and create opportunities for addressing problems in areas such as functional operations research, mathematical analysis, and simulation, heuristics guiding decision-making, game theory, and mathematical statistics. One of the most important parts of cybernetics is part of the theory of information, which is the basis for information systems design. Science is widely used in the development of institutional management. For this purpose, operations research, organizational analysis, design, relationships between individual units based on network planning methods and management. The main ideas of management cybernetics based on the automation of individual transactions or groups of operations within the cycle of production management, as well as for creating workstations in managing and developing information management systems. Considerin g the cybernetics and management is important to note the next time the subject of cybernetics is the fundamental laws and principles of management that are common to wildlife, human society and industry. Management cybernetics, from my point of view, exploring the specific form of management managing the production and its specific to this area and particularly the problems. Particular attention should be paid to the general laws and principles of cybernetics that occur in specific controlled conditions of production economic organizations. Of course you can clearly note that the broader concept cannot replace the private and thus, the cybernetic concept of wider scope and content management concepts in a special science. On the other hand, the complex issues that we study the management cybernetics do not fit into the problems of cybernetics. Participants in the relationship management cybernetics primarily serve people. Production management has as its foundation rather social in nature. It is primarily management of human activities, and management features also carry people. It is obvious that the management cannot be completely formalized, although it may be to some extent, divided into separate, relatively simple, mathematically described by the operation. A number of functions and management techniques are extremely subject of production management. Certainly a wide Spector facilities are subject to examination by the management cybernetics is the economic system. The subject of the study is different in nature information processes, which occur in economic systems and mechanisms for economic management. Economic systems are the object of study of economic cybernetics and management cybernetics. Various economic theories are studying the relations of production, the operation of objective economic laws, or a deep foundation process of the economic system. Management cybernetics based on the results of economic analysis, in turn, examines the struc tural and functional forms of organization and management of these processes. With respect to management cybernetics is important to understand the basic concepts of cybernetics as a system model, a black box ; the principle of external addition, the feedback law is a necessary and sufficient diversity and related with the principal findings and conclusions. At the moment still an open question as how binds cybernetics and management. Quite simply, in the framework of this communication is a fundamental principle which is called feedback . It is the universality of the concept of feedback has allowed many to understand the phenomenon and to establish an analogue control processes in living organisms, machines and society. Between elements of two types of relationships real and substantive information. In general, the feedback means between the outputs of any element to the input of the same element are carried out directly or through other elements of the system. The concept of feedback takes the importance of management systems, because the feedback is used as a channel through which a governing body receives information on the status and results of operation of a managed object. In the example of management cybernetics feedback manifests the unity of management and control part. Figure It is known that the backbone of any economy is the production, creation of economic output. In turn, financial stability, solvency, liquidity, operational efficiency is impossible without having a sufficient level of scientific management theory and determined its effects on the economic processes of the enterprise. Thus, it is important to note that management uses achievements of cybernetics as a methodological and theoretical basis for making informed decisions and common issues, goals, objectives, functions and management practices. Conclusion Thus, summarizing all the above mentioned would like to highlight several key points that I made ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¹ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¹for myself while working on this job. The emergence of cybernetics, the science of common patterns management processes, implemented in living beings, machines, and their complexes, and allowed to gather and synthesize a huge number of facts which showed that the management of all organized systems is similar. The difference in the management of objects relating to the criteria of purpose, objectives and content management. However, the structure and construction management processes in organized systems of all ranks have the features of a deep affinity, community. These circumstances are explained by the fact it seems to me that the management is always an information process. Cybernetics studies the receipt and transmission, storage and conversion, processing and use information. Communication between manag ement and information processes the major achievement management cybernetics. It helps to understand the technology management process and, most importantly, expose its study with quantitative methods. A distinctive feature of the cybernetic approach to learning and improving management processes the use of their counterparts in the animate and inanimate nature, and modeling. The main objective is to achieve on the basis of inherent methods and tools for the optimal level of control, i.e., the adoption of best management decisions. Thus, this is called a cybernetic control, which: Provides an optimal solution of multi- dynamic problems of the organization; Uses specific techniques, advanced cybernetics (feedback, self-regulation and self-organization, etc.); Extensive use of mechanization and automation of administrative operations through the use of computing and control technology and computer technology. Considers the organization as some larger system, each element of which is taken not only in itself but as part of a larger whole, to which he belongs; From cybernetics management borrows the following laws and principles of requisite variety, emergence, external addition, feedback, choosing solutions, decomposition, and hierarchical control and automatic regulation (self-regulation).